Variation in host susceptibility to different pathogens: an experimental and phylogenetic study of Drosophila-viruses

Beraldo, Camila S

doi:10.11606/d.41.2019.tde-27112018-090916

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…For DAV (+ssRNA), which is widespread and replicates in laboratory flies and cell culture [ 29 , 30 ], infectious wounding with the virus only seems to increase D. melanogaster mortality greater than 30 days post-infection, but reduces fecundity by 28% following oral infection [ 4 ]. By contrast, DAV clearly reduces lifespan in Drosophila suzukii [ 17 ], consistent with the idea that virulence varies among Drosophila host species [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Naturally occurring viruses of Drosophila reduce offspring number and lifespan

Wallace,

Obbard

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host–virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported approximately 200 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterize the Drosophila immune response, and most characterization has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here, we use a more natural infection route to characterize the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory Drosophila melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster , although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster Nora virus, D. immigrans Nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host–virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.

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