Abstract:Jharia coal mining areas is one of the most important coal mining area in India. It is roughly elliptical or sickles -shaped, located in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand. For the assessment of groundwater quality, Twenty Nine groundwater samples were collected from Jharia coalfield. The pH of the analysed water samples is slightly acidic to slightly alkaline in nature in both the season. In majority of the samples, the analyzed parameters are well within the desirable limits and water is potable for drinking purp… Show more
“…Additionally, metal pollution indices, such as the contamination factor, degree of contamination, and heavy metal pollution index, were calculated to assess the overall surface water quality in the N'djili River watershed. This method is considered reliable and has been successfully used in other studies, including those by Mohan et al (1996), Prasad & Bose (2001), Tamasi & Cini (2004), Mahato et al (2014), Goher et al (2014), Tiwari et al (2015), Panigrahy et al (2015), Karaouzas et al (2011), Djade et al (2020), and Vualu (2020. Contamination Factor Hakanson (1980) proposed the use of the contamination factor as a single index.…”
The aim of this study was to assess heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of the N'djili river watershed, as well as to determine the main sources of this pollution and their impact on water quality. Five sampling sites were selected in the watershed, representing a variety of urban and industrial influences. In these samples, trace metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The respective mean concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin are 0.066 mg/L, 0.006 mg/L and 0.310 mg/L. The mean value of the degree of contamination (Dc) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin is greater than 3, indicating heavy contamination of these waters (Lukaya river, Matete river, N'djili river, Ntshuenge river, Ngwele river). The average values of for the trace metal pollution index (HPI) are below the threshold value of 100, so overall, these waters are not very polluted. Nevertheless, particularly high concentrations were observed in the waters of the Matete River, with values exceeding 100, indicating severe localized pollution. Correlation analysis between trace metals and HPI indicates that lead and cadmium are the main contributors to surface water toxicity in the N'djili basin. These results highlight the urgent need to develop targeted strategies to reduce pollution in order to preserve public health and aquatic ecosystems.
“…Additionally, metal pollution indices, such as the contamination factor, degree of contamination, and heavy metal pollution index, were calculated to assess the overall surface water quality in the N'djili River watershed. This method is considered reliable and has been successfully used in other studies, including those by Mohan et al (1996), Prasad & Bose (2001), Tamasi & Cini (2004), Mahato et al (2014), Goher et al (2014), Tiwari et al (2015), Panigrahy et al (2015), Karaouzas et al (2011), Djade et al (2020), and Vualu (2020. Contamination Factor Hakanson (1980) proposed the use of the contamination factor as a single index.…”
The aim of this study was to assess heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of the N'djili river watershed, as well as to determine the main sources of this pollution and their impact on water quality. Five sampling sites were selected in the watershed, representing a variety of urban and industrial influences. In these samples, trace metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The respective mean concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin are 0.066 mg/L, 0.006 mg/L and 0.310 mg/L. The mean value of the degree of contamination (Dc) in the surface waters of the N'djili basin is greater than 3, indicating heavy contamination of these waters (Lukaya river, Matete river, N'djili river, Ntshuenge river, Ngwele river). The average values of for the trace metal pollution index (HPI) are below the threshold value of 100, so overall, these waters are not very polluted. Nevertheless, particularly high concentrations were observed in the waters of the Matete River, with values exceeding 100, indicating severe localized pollution. Correlation analysis between trace metals and HPI indicates that lead and cadmium are the main contributors to surface water toxicity in the N'djili basin. These results highlight the urgent need to develop targeted strategies to reduce pollution in order to preserve public health and aquatic ecosystems.
“… Figure 1 Location of coal samples in Jharia coalfield (Modified after Panigrahy et. al, 2015 29 and plotted using Golden Software Surfer 11.0.642). …”
Coalbed methane (CBM) production is effectively achieved by utilizing two processes, viz. primary and secondary recovery. In this paper, the primary recovery of CBM was studied using the adsorption isotherm while CO2-ECBM process for the secondary recovery was simulated with realistic parameters. The adsorption isotherm for CH4 was drawn up to the pressure of 1200 psi for four coal samples and Langmuir isotherm curves for both CH4 and CO2 was measured for one sample up to 2000 psi. The adsorption isotherm of four samples was further utilized for finding the primary recovery factor of methane, showing that the average primary recovery is ~ 54% with the highest recovery factor of ~ 76% for one sample. Hence, CO2-ECBM process could be further implemented to enhance gas recovery. Then, a 3D heterogeneous coalbed model at a depth of 3219 ft was constructed using the COMET3 simulator to demonstrate the potential of CO2-ECBM recovery technique. A concept of break-even time was introduced in this study for the comprehension of CO2-ECBM process. It is found that coalbed reservoirs may opt to implement this technology with economically sound recovery.
“…Whereas the study of long wall mining operations of Greene (4 mines) and Washington county (3 mines) revealed that over the period of 2003e2008 affect 106 of 1214 undermined water supplies. Around 8.7% of these affected water supplies were within the 200 feet's of active mining sites [98]Similarly, another study conducted in Jharia coal mine region (India) had also shown instability in its water table [99]. Almost all of the tube wells in the mining area (Odrisha, India) dried during the summer season [100].…”
Section: Depression Of Water Table Around the Dewatered Zonementioning
Coal is a strategic and essential resource that ensures quality of life, energy security and sustainable development. Being the cheapest source of energy, it is the second after oil that is used to generate 40% of the world's electricity. However, traditional and conventional coal fuel extraction can threaten human health bycontaminating air and water, harming land, and contributing to global warming. The environmental impacts associated with conventional methods of coal mining and consumption can affect all components of the environment, and these impacts may be beneficial or harmful, permanent or temporary, repairable or irreparable, and reversible or irreversible in nature. These effects require considering of changing the production and consumption of coalwithin a technological framework. Coal mining operationscan cause both quantitative and qualitative impacts on water systems in and around mining areas. This paper reviews the impacts of coal mining on water resource development. Land subsidence, disruption of hydrological channels, flooding, and contamination of water resources and depletion of water table are the major measurable impacts of mining activity on the hydrological environment.
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