Importance
After patients survive an in-hospital cardiac arrest, discussions should occur about prognosis and preferences for future resuscitative efforts.
Objective
To assess whether patients' decisions for Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders after a successful resuscitation from in-hospital cardiac arrest are aligned with their expected prognosis.
Design, Setting, Participants
Within Get With The Guidelines®-Resuscitation, we identified 26,327 patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after in-hospital cardiac arrest between April 2006 and September 2012 at 406 U.S. hospitals. Using a previously validated prognostic tool, each patient's likelihood of favorable neurological survival (i.e., without severe neurological disability) was calculated. The proportion of patients with DNR orders within each prognosis score decile and the association between DNR status and actual favorable neurological survival were examined.
Exposure
DNR orders within 12 hours of ROSC.
Main Outcome
Likelihood of favorable neurological survival.
Results
Overall, 5,944 (22.6% [95% CI: 22.1%, 23.1%]) patients had DNR orders within 12 hours of ROSC. This group was older and had higher rates of comorbidities (all P <0.05) than patients without DNR orders. Among patients with the best prognosis (decile 1), 7.1% (95% CI: 6.1%, 8.1%) had DNR orders even though their predicted rate of favorable neurological survival was 64.7% (62.8%, 66.6%). Among patients with the worst expected prognosis (decile 10), 36.0% (34.2%, 37.8%) had DNR orders even though their predicted rate for favorable neurological survival was 4.0% (3.3%, 4.7%) (P for both trends <0.001). This pattern was similar when DNR orders were re-defined as within 24 hours, 72 hours, and 5 days of ROSC. The actual rate of favorable neurological survival was higher for patients without DNR orders (30.5% [95% CI: 29.9%, 31.1%]) compared with those with DNR orders (1.8% [95% CI: 1.6%, 2.0%]), and this pattern of lower survival among patients with DNR orders was seen in every decile of expected prognosis.
Conclusions and Relevance
Although DNR orders after in-hospital cardiac arrest were generally aligned with patients' likelihood of favorable neurological survival, only one-third of patients with the worst prognosis had DNR orders. Patients with DNR orders had lower survival than those without DNR orders, including among those with the best prognosis.