Variation in corn stover composition and energy content with crop maturity

Pordesimo, L. O.; Hames, Bonnie R.; Sokhansanj, Shahab; Edens, W. C.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.09.003

Cited by 186 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Interestingly, the compositional analysis revealed a high ash content. This observation is in agreement with that of a previous analysis [36,48] in which the ash content of corn leaf and corn stalk were found to be considerably higher than that of other biomass. A flow chart of our experimental design is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Enzyme Induction On Untreated Corn Stoversupporting

confidence: 93%

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Ground Corn Stover for the Production of Fuel Ethanol Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli K011

Vincent¹

2011

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Enzymatic saccharification of corn stover using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Gloeophyllum trabeum and subsequent fermentation of the saccharification products to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli K011 were achieved. Prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production, solid-state fermentation was performed for four days on ground corn stover using either P. chrysosporium or G. trabeum to induce in situ cellulase production. During SSF with S. cerevisiae or E. coli, ethanol production was the highest on day 4 for all samples. For corn stover treated with P. chrysosporium, the conversion to ethanol was 2.29 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae as the fermenting organism, whereas for the sample inoculated with E. coli K011, the ethanol production was 4.14 g/100 g corn stover. Corn stover treated with G. trabeum showed a conversion 1.90 and 4.79 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 as the fermenting organisms, respectively. Other fermentation co-products, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, were also monitored. Acetic acid production ranged between 0.45 and 0.78 g/100 g corn stover, while no lactic acid production was detected throughout the 5 days of SSF. The results of our experiment suggest that it is possible to perform SSF of corn stover using P. chrysosporium, G. trabeum, S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 for the production of fuel ethanol.

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Section: Enzyme Induction On Untreated Corn Stoversupporting

confidence: 93%

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Ground Corn Stover for the Production of Fuel Ethanol Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli K011

Vincent¹

2011

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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“…Ash, structural carbohydrates, and moisture are due to such harvesting conditions [13]. Delaying harvest for corn stover results in drying and decreased structural carbohydrates without significantly lowering the overall energy content [74], which would benefit thermochemical conversion processes, such as co-firing and pyrolysis, because of the lower moisture content. Ideally, harvest time is optimized to maximize sequestered carbon content while reducing ash content [69].…”

Section: Variability Due To Harvest Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production

et al. 2015

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Terrestrial lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a carbon neutral and domestic source of fuels and chemicals. However, the innate variability of biomass resources, such as herbaceous and woody materials, and the inconsistency within a single resource due to disparate growth and harvesting conditions, presents challenges for downstream processes which often require materials that are physically and chemically consistent. Intrinsic biomass characteristics, including moisture content, carbohydrate and ash compositions, bulk density, and particle size/shape distributions are highly variable and can impact the economics of transforming biomass into value-added products. For instance, ash content increases by an order of magnitude between woody and herbaceous feedstocks (from ∼0.5 to 5 %, respectively) while lignin content drops by a factor of two (from ∼30 to 15 %, respectively). This increase in ash and reduction in lignin leads to biofuel conversion consequences, such as reduced pyrolysis oil yields for herbaceous products as compared to woody material. In this review, the sources of variability for key biomass characteristics are presented for multiple types of biomass. Additionally, this review investigates the major impacts of the variability in biomass composition on four conversion processes: fermentation, hydrothermal liquefaction, pyrolysis, and direct combustion. Finally, future research processes aimed at reducing the detrimental impacts of biomass variability on conversion to fuels and chemicals are proposed.

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“…Although there is information in the literature on how drought stress [23], planting densities [24], and crop development stage [25] affect biomass composition, data regarding how altering C inputs through crop residue returns to the soil (e.g., C inputs due the use of cover crops and reduced C inputs due to stover harvest) and its impact on stover composition are lacking. Our objective was to assess impacts of southeastern US corn management practices on stover carbohydrate composition averaged over multiple years (3) through three separate studies designed to determine 1. if average temperature and cumulative rainfall during the growing season and stover composition were correlated; 2. if altering C inputs to the soil by using cereal rye as a winter cover crop and harvesting corn residue affected composition of corn; and 3. the vertical distributions of lignin, ash, and structural carbohydrates in corn stover harvested at three locations across the southeastern USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

et al. 2014

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Quantifying lignin and carbohydrate composition of corn (Zea mays L.) is important to support the emerging cellulosic biofuels industry. Therefore, field studies with 0 or 100 % stover removal were established in Alabama and South Carolina as part of the Sun Grant Regional Partnership Corn Stover Project. In Alabama, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was also included as an additional experimental factor, serving as a winter cover crop. Plots were located on major soil types representative of their respective states: Compass and Decatur soils in Alabama and a Coxville/Rains-Goldsboro-Lynchburg soil association in South Carolina. Lignin and structural carbohydrate concentrations in the whole (above-ground) plant, cobs, vegetation excluding cobs above the primary ear (top), vegetation below the primary ear (bottom), and vegetation from above the primary ear including cobs (above-ear fraction) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The distribution of lignin, ash, and structural carbohydrates varied among plant fractions, but neither inclusion of a rye cover crop nor the stover harvest treatments consistently affected carbohydrate concentrations within locations. Total precipitation and average air temperature during the growing season were strongly correlated with stover composition indicating that weather conditions may have multiple effects on potential biofuel production (i.e., not only yield but also stover quality). When compared to the above-ear fractions, bottom plant partitions contained greater lignin concentrations. Holocellulose concentration was consistently greater in the above-ear fractions at all three locations. Data from this study suggests that the above-ear plant portions have the most desirable characteristics for cellulosic ethanol production via fermentation in the southeastern USA.

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Variation in corn stover composition and energy content with crop maturity

Cited by 186 publications

References 10 publications

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Ground Corn Stover for the Production of Fuel Ethanol Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli K011

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Ground Corn Stover for the Production of Fuel Ethanol Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli K011

Sources of Biomass Feedstock Variability and the Potential Impact on Biofuels Production

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

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