Variation in commercial sources of soybean meal influences the severity of enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM) is a potential alternative for the replacement of fishmeal in aquafeeds. In Atlantic salmon, however, dietary SBM causes an inflammation of the distal intestine, known as SBM-induced enteritis. The objective of the present study is to verify whether different (geographically spread) commercial sources of SBM yield contrasting inflammatory responses. To do so, six SBM batches from different origins were included in the Atlantic salmon diets at the level of 20%. After 4 weeks of feeding, the distal intestine of the salmon was sampled and scored by a semi-quantitative scoring system, which assessed six separated parameters, characterizing the extent of enteritis. The overall mean score as well as the score of the separate parameters varied between the different commercial sources of SBM included in the diet. The variation in SBM caused different degrees of disparity in the score of the separate parameters. The parameter that was most affected by the variation in the source of SBM was the disappearance of supranuclear vacuoles in enterocytes. In contrast, the increase in goblet cells showed the smallest variation between the different SBM sources. This study shows that different commercial sources of SBM can result in differences in the severity of SBM-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon. KEY WORDS

Effects of dietary soybean stachyose and phytic acid on gene expressions of serine proteases in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

“…Previous studies have shown that different sources of SBM can result in differential severity of SBM-induced enteritis (Uran et al, 2008). In the present study, the mRNA expression levels of poTRY were higher in 0.4% of dietary SBS or 0.4% of dietary PA than those in 0.0% of dietary SBS or PA (Figs.1A, 2A).…”

Production performance, stress tolerance and intestinal integrity of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of soybean meal

“…Despite the high dietary levels of SBM (29–80% SBM) and the relatively long feeding period (8 weeks) used in the present study, we did not observe major tissue disruption in any of the intestines examined. Although the severity of enteritis has been shown to fluctuate with factors such as water temperature or commercial source of SBM (Uràn et al., 2008b, 2009), based on our observations, it appears that sunshine bass are relatively tolerant of SBM in the diet with respect to maintenance of gut integrity and function.…”

Teleost intestinal immunology

“…The replacement of fish meal by soybean meal (SBM) resulted in an inflammation of the endgut of Atlantic salmon [53,195,196], and the severity was dependent on the amount and strain of soya used [197]. The animals showed normal growth and feed intake, however they developed a severe inflammation in the second gut segment characterized by: the disappearance of the supranuclear vacuoles (SNV) in the second segment enterocytes, a strong decrease of microvilli height, a swelling of the lamina propria and subepithelial mucosa, an increase in the number of goblet cells, a strong invasion of the eosinophilic granulocytes, a loss of the mucosal fold architecture and finally a total tissue disruption [53,195,196] and when SBM feeding is continued for 4 months the chronic intestinal inflammation even resulted in adenocarcinoma development with liver metastases [198].…”