Variation in body mass index among Polish adults: Effects of sex, age, birth cohort, and social class

Bielicki, Tadeusz; Szklarska, Alicja; Welon, Zygmunt; Rogucka, E.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1109

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The data were from an ongoing study of the prevalence of obesity in the urban population of Wroclaw, located in southwestern Poland. Initial analyses indicated significant interactions and influences of age and socioeconomic status on the BMI in adult men and women (Bielicki et al, 2001). This study extends the analysis to age-associated changes in the BMI in three homogeneous socio-occupational groups among men and women.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 51%

Sex differences in the pattern of age‐dependent increase in the BMI from 20–59 years

Welon

Szklarska

Bielicki

et al. 2002

American J Hum Biol

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This study tested the hypothesis of a linear increase of the BMI with age among adults. Materials comprised 32,762 occupationally active females and males 23-59 years age resident in Wroclaw, southwestern Poland. All subjects were medically examined in the course of health screening. The BMI increases linearly with age in women, but increases with age in men in two stages--a more intensive rise between 20-40 years and much slower increase between 40-60 years. This hypothesis was verified with a linear regression model in women but for men piecewise regression with a break at 40 years of age fits the age trends.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 51%

Sex differences in the pattern of age‐dependent increase in the BMI from 20–59 years

Welon

Szklarska

Bielicki

et al. 2002

American J Hum Biol

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“…In contrast, in a study in Bremerhaven, Germany, no significant trend was observed among 6‐year‐old children over the period of 1968 to 1987 using health records of the City Health Centre (Danker‐Hopfe & Roczen 2000). Also in another study in Poland no BMI trend was observed in a Polish study in an urban centre during 1983 to 1999 on 32 750 male and female individuals (Bielicki et al . 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Trends in weights, heights, BMI and comparison of their differences in urban and rural areas for Iranian children and adolescents 2–18‐year‐old between 1990–1991 and 1999

Hosseini

Taslimi

Dinarvand

et al. 2010

Child

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“…These observations are usually based on crosssectional studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . However, such age-BMI relationships may result from mixed effects of ageing per se, characteristics of subsequent birth cohorts and selective survival.…”

Section: Adults Ageing Body Weight Cohort Longitudinalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, period and cohort effects on body weight and body mass index in adults: The Doetinchem Cohort Study

Nooyens

Visscher

Schuit

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To study the development of body weight with ageing, in a general adult population, taking into account possible period and cohort effects. Design: A prospective cohort study with 11 years of follow-up. At baseline and after 6 and 11 years, body weight and height were measured. Setting: The Doetinchem Cohort Study, consisting of inhabitants of Doetinchem, a town in a rural area of The Netherlands. Subjects: In total, 4070 healthy men and women aged 20-59 years at baseline. Results: Increase in BMI with ageing was less profound based on cross-sectional data than based on longitudinal data. More recent-born cohorts had a higher BMI at a given age than cohorts who were born earlier. Increase in mean BMI with ageing was observed in all age groups and was similar for groups with a different educational level. Highest increase in BMI over 11 years was observed in the youngest group, aged 20-29 years at baseline (2?2 [95 % CL 2?0, 2?3] kg/m 2 ), and lowest increase in the oldest group, aged 50-59 years at baseline (1?1 [1?0, 1?3] kg/m 2 ). Conclusions: Findings of the present study using longitudinal data suggest that increase in BMI with ageing is underestimated in all age groups by studying crosssectional data only. Further, weight gain is present in all educational levels and does not stop at middle age. Keywords Adults Ageing Body weight Cohort LongitudinalIt is often observed that levels of BMI and prevalence of obesity increase with age until age 60-70 years and decline thereafter. These observations are usually based on crosssectional studies (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . However, such age-BMI relationships may result from mixed effects of ageing per se, characteristics of subsequent birth cohorts and selective survival. Studies based on successive cross-sectional surveys show that younger birth cohorts have a higher mean BMI at the same age compared to older cohorts (2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) , and that the prevalence of overweight and obesity increases over time, independent of age (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Increases in BMI with ageing in cross-sectional studies may be the result of age and cohort effects, while increases in BMI with ageing in longitudinal studies may include period effects. Age effects on body weight and BMI are due to behavioural and physiological changes within individuals (16) that occur as a result of ageing, e.g. the lowering in energy requirement at rest with ageing. Period effects are due to population-wide changes in behaviours and other exposures among individuals independent of ageing (16) during the study period and affect all birth cohorts simultaneously, e.g. a change in legislation during the study period that promotes active transport. Cohort effects are influences of populationwide exposures that took place before the study period, e.g. secular differences in environment that may affect behaviour during later life. Disentangling age, period and cohort effects on BMI is crucial to assess future trends in BMI and accompanying health disorders (17) . Evaluation of age, period and co...

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Variation in body mass index among Polish adults: Effects of sex, age, birth cohort, and social class

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Sex differences in the pattern of age‐dependent increase in the BMI from 20–59 years

Sex differences in the pattern of age‐dependent increase in the BMI from 20–59 years

Trends in weights, heights, BMI and comparison of their differences in urban and rural areas for Iranian children and adolescents 2–18‐year‐old between 1990–1991 and 1999

Age, period and cohort effects on body weight and body mass index in adults: The Doetinchem Cohort Study

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