Variation in Bird Diversity in Relation to Habitat Size in the Urban Landscape of Seoul, South Korea

Kim, Jungsoo; Chae, Jin-hwak; Koo, Tae-Hoe

doi:10.3161/068.042.0111

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, I categorized agriculture as hostile for woodland plants, benign for non‐woodland plants, and intermediate for the combination of the two (Dzwonko & Loster, ). An urban matrix was considered hostile for plants (Godefroid & Koedam, ) but of intermediate hostility for birds (Kim, Chae & Koo, ). I considered water a benign matrix for aquatic species moving between patches of coral (Acosta & Robertson, ), but hostile for terrestrial plants on islands (Deshaye & Morisset, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do several small patches hold more species than few large patches?

Fahrig

2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

181

148

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Background The principle that a single large habitat patch should hold more species than several small patches totalling the same area (SL > SS) is used by conservation agencies to favour protection of large, contiguous areas. Previous reviews of empirical studies have found the opposite, SS > SL, creating the single large or several small (SLOSS) debate. Aims Review the empirical and theoretical SLOSS literature; identify potential mechanisms underlying the SS > SL pattern; evaluate these where possible. Location Global. Time period 1976–2018. Major taxa Plants, invertebrates, vertebrates. Methods Literature review. Results Like previous reviews, I found that SS > SL dominates empirical findings. This pattern remained, although it was somewhat weakened, in studies where sampling intensity was proportional to patch size. I found six classes of theory, and conducted five preliminary evaluations of theory. None of the predictions was supported. The SS > SL pattern held for specialist species groups, suggesting it does not result from incursion by generalists into small patches. I found no evidence for the prediction that the reverse pattern (SL > SS) becomes more common over time since patch creation, through gradual species losses from SS. I found no difference between results for natural and anthropogenic patches. There was also no evidence for predictions that SL > SS is more common when the matrix is more hostile, or for stable than ephemeral patches. Main conclusions Most empirical comparisons find SS > SL. While there are several potential causes, more empirical work is needed to identify those at play. Meanwhile, conservation practitioners should understand that there is no ecological evidence supporting a general principle to preserve large, contiguous habitat areas rather than multiple small areas of the same total size.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do several small patches hold more species than few large patches?

Fahrig

2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

181

148

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“…There has been surprisingly little effort to measure the relationship between insect diversity and bird diversity. Although Kim et al (2007) found that insect species richness best explains bird species richness in urban landscapes, the focus for decades has been on documenting the positive relationship between insect biomass and bird diversity (e.g., Martin 1987; Strong & Sherry 2000; Nott et al 2002). Nevertheless, lottery reasoning predicts that the chances of encountering insect species that provide large amounts of biomass for bird consumers will be higher in communities with high insect richness than in less diverse insect communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Lepidopteran Use of Native Versus Introduced Plants

Tallamy

Shropshire

2009

Conservation Biology

164

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In light of the wide-scale replacement of native plants in North America with introduced, invasive species and noninvasive ornamental plants that evolved elsewhere, we compared the value of native and introduced plants in terms of their ability to serve as host plants for Lepidoptera. Insect herbivores such as Lepidoptera larvae are critically important components of terrestrial food webs and any reduction in their biomass or diversity due to the loss of acceptable host plants is predicted to reduce the production of the many insectivores in higher trophic levels. We conducted an exhaustive search of host records in the literature. We used the data we gathered to rank all 1385 plant genera that occur in the mid-Atlantic states of the United States by their ability to support Lepidoptera richness. Statistical comparisons were made with Welch's test for equality of means. Woody plants supported more species of moths and butterflies than herbaceous plants, native plants supported more species than introduced plants, and native woody plants with ornamental value supported more Lepidoptera species than introduced woody ornamentals. All these differences were highly significant. Our rankings provide a relative measure that will be useful for restoration ecologists, landscape architects and designers, land managers, and landowners who wish to raise the carrying capacity of particular areas by selecting plants with the greatest capacity for supporting biodiversity. Clasificación del Uso de Plantas Nativas Versus Introducidas por LepidópterosResumen: A la luz del reemplazo a gran escala de plantas nativas en Norte América con especies de plantas ornamentales introducidas, invasoras y no invasoras, que evolucionaron en otra parte, comparamos el valor de plantas nativas e introducidas en términos de su habilidad para funcionar como plantas huésped de Lepidoptera. Los insectos herbívoros como las larvas de lepidópteros son componentes críticamente importantes para las redes tróficas terrestres y se predice que cualquier reducción en su biomasa o diversidad debido a la pérdida de plantas huésped aceptables disminuirá la producción de muchos insectívoros en niveles tróficos superiores. Realizamos una búsqueda exhaustiva de registros de huéspedes en la literatura. Utilizamos los datos recabados para clasificar a los 1385 géneros de plantas que ocurren en los estados del medio Atlántico de los Estados Unidos por su habilidad para soportar riqueza de Lepidoptera. Realizamos comparaciones estadísticas con la prueba de Welch para igualdad de medias. Las plantas leñosas soportaron más especies de polillas y mariposas que las plantas herbáceas, las plantas nativas soportaron más especies que las especies introducidas, y las plantas leñosas nativas con valor ornamental soportaron más especies de Lepidópteros que las ornamentales leñosas introducidas. Todas estas diferencias fueron muy significativas. Nuestras clasificaciones proporcionan una medida relativa que seráútil para ecólogos restauradores, arquitectos y diseñadores de paisaje...

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“…Both breeding and wintering urban avian assemblages can exhibit strong species–area relationships (Tilghman 1987, Bolger et al 1991, Jokimäki 1999, Natuhara & Imai 1999, Fernández‐Juricic 2000, 2004, Pavlik & Pavlik 2000, Cornelis & Hermy 2004, Drinnan 2005, Watson et al 2005, Antos et al 2006, Husté et al 2006, Platt & Lill 2006, Chamberlain et al 2007a, Husté & Boulinier 2007, Murgui 2007a; but see Kim et al 2007). These relationships are among the most frequently observed ecological patterns and the mechanisms driving them in urban areas appear to be similar to those operating elsewhere, i.e.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages

Evans

Newson

Gaston

2008

Ibis

352

308

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Urbanization is increasing across the globe and there is growing interest in urban ecology and a recognition that developed areas may be important for conservation. We review the factors influencing urban avian assemblages, focusing on habitat type and anthropogenic resource provision, and analyse data from a common bird monitoring scheme to assess some of these issues. The review suggests that (1) local factors are more important than regional ones in determining the species richness of urban avian assemblages, raising the potential for the management of urban sites to deliver conservation; (2) habitat fragmentation frequently influences urban avian assemblages, with the effects of patch size being greater than those of isolation, and (3) urban bird assemblages appear to respond positively to increasing the structural complexity, species richness of woody vegetation and supplementary feeding, and negatively to human disturbance. Data from Britain's Breeding Bird Survey, combined with habitat data obtained from aerial photographs, were used to assess a number of these issues at the resolution of 1‐km squares. Green‐space constituted 45% of these squares, and domestic gardens contributed 50% of this green‐space, though their contribution to large continuous patches of green‐space was negligible. There was no significant positive correlation between the densities of individual species in urban areas and surrounding rural areas. Rural species richness declined with increasing latitude, but urban species richness was not correlated with latitude. This contrast contributes to slightly higher avian species richness in rural squares in Southern England than urban ones. Occupancy and abundance were strongly positively correlated in urban avian assemblages, and some indicator species of conservation concern occurred in few urban areas and at low densities. Such species will require conservation action to be precisely targeted within urban areas. Of the urban indicators of conservation concern, only the House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris were more abundant in urban than rural areas. Moreover, the densities of these two species were strongly and positively correlated, indicating that they may be limited by shared resources, such as nest‐sites or supplementary food. There was little evidence that high densities of nest‐predating corvids were associated with reduced densities of their prey species. Species richness and the densities of individual species frequently declined with an increasing number of buildings. Current trends for the densification of many British urban areas are thus likely to be detrimental for many bird species.

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Variation in Bird Diversity in Relation to Habitat Size in the Urban Landscape of Seoul, South Korea

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Why do several small patches hold more species than few large patches?

Why do several small patches hold more species than few large patches?

Ranking Lepidopteran Use of Native Versus Introduced Plants

Habitat influences on urban avian assemblages

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