Abstract:In-vitro antioxidant activity of therapeutically important plant Thymus serpyllum L. grown at different altitudes viz. foothill areas, lower Himalayan and higher Himalayan regions were evaluated against various radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and reducing power assays. The antioxidant constituents like total phenols, flavonoids and total tannins were also evaluated in the present study. The results revealed that the alcoholic, as well as the aqueous extracts of the plant, showed significant antioxidant potential a… Show more
“…As for WT extract, the TPC content was 2.79 g L −1 or 15.05 mg GAE g −1 . This value is higher than the 12.63 mg catechol equivalent (CE) g −1 in methanolic extract determined by Goyal et al [ 39 ] and similar to the values (15.06 mg GAE g −1 ) for thyme flower methanolic extracts reported by Jabri Karoui et al [ 40 ] and the 15.53 mg caffeic acid equivalents (CAE) g −1 for an aqueous decoction of Thymus x citriodorus L. in the study conducted by Taghouti et al [ 41 ]. The TFC for WT extract in the present study was 3.17 mg QE g −1 , which is higher than TFC (ranging from 1.412 to 2.076 mg QE g −1 ) in other Thymus species, such as Thymus trautvetteri extracts in different solvents [ 42 ] and Thymus vulgaris L. methanolic extract (1.71 mg QE g −1 ) [ 43 ].…”
Functional beverages based on herbal extracts are highly demanded products due to the presence of bioactives with promising health benefits and interesting and characteristic sensory properties. Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic herbs contain a wide range of bioactives (non-volatile polyphenols, volatile terpenes) that are important constituents of herbal extracts and essential oils. The antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits of these bioactives could be associated with their synergistic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the non-volatile and volatile bioactives of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) aqueous extracts and their two- and three-component mixtures as well as their antioxidant capacity. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols was determined spectrophotometrically. Individual polyphenols were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, the volatiles were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by ORAC and DPPH assays. The results showed that aqueous extracts of all examined herbs and their mixtures contained a high content of phenolic compounds ranging from 0.97 to 2.79 g L−1 of the sample, among which the most common were flavonols. At the same time, mono- and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity, especially L. nobilis (781.62 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL−1 of the sample in the DPPH assay; 1896.10 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL−1 of the sample in the ORAC assay) and the two-component mixture of L. nobilis and T. serpyllum (679.12 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL−1 in the DPPH assay; 1913.38 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL−1 in the ORAC assay). Mixtures of herbal extracts have been shown to possess additive or synergistic effects, consequently contributing to higher antioxidant capacity. Therefore, two-component mixtures of herbal extracts showed promising potential for the production of functional beverages.
“…As for WT extract, the TPC content was 2.79 g L −1 or 15.05 mg GAE g −1 . This value is higher than the 12.63 mg catechol equivalent (CE) g −1 in methanolic extract determined by Goyal et al [ 39 ] and similar to the values (15.06 mg GAE g −1 ) for thyme flower methanolic extracts reported by Jabri Karoui et al [ 40 ] and the 15.53 mg caffeic acid equivalents (CAE) g −1 for an aqueous decoction of Thymus x citriodorus L. in the study conducted by Taghouti et al [ 41 ]. The TFC for WT extract in the present study was 3.17 mg QE g −1 , which is higher than TFC (ranging from 1.412 to 2.076 mg QE g −1 ) in other Thymus species, such as Thymus trautvetteri extracts in different solvents [ 42 ] and Thymus vulgaris L. methanolic extract (1.71 mg QE g −1 ) [ 43 ].…”
Functional beverages based on herbal extracts are highly demanded products due to the presence of bioactives with promising health benefits and interesting and characteristic sensory properties. Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic herbs contain a wide range of bioactives (non-volatile polyphenols, volatile terpenes) that are important constituents of herbal extracts and essential oils. The antioxidant capacity and potential health benefits of these bioactives could be associated with their synergistic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the non-volatile and volatile bioactives of sage (Salvia officinalis L.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) aqueous extracts and their two- and three-component mixtures as well as their antioxidant capacity. The content of total phenols, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols was determined spectrophotometrically. Individual polyphenols were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, the volatiles were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS, and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by ORAC and DPPH assays. The results showed that aqueous extracts of all examined herbs and their mixtures contained a high content of phenolic compounds ranging from 0.97 to 2.79 g L−1 of the sample, among which the most common were flavonols. At the same time, mono- and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles. All extracts showed high antioxidant capacity, especially L. nobilis (781.62 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL−1 of the sample in the DPPH assay; 1896.10 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL−1 of the sample in the ORAC assay) and the two-component mixture of L. nobilis and T. serpyllum (679.12 ± 5.19 μmol TE mL−1 in the DPPH assay; 1913.38 ± 8.77 μmol TE mL−1 in the ORAC assay). Mixtures of herbal extracts have been shown to possess additive or synergistic effects, consequently contributing to higher antioxidant capacity. Therefore, two-component mixtures of herbal extracts showed promising potential for the production of functional beverages.
“…Figure 4 illustrates the significant decrease in the concentration of DPPH radicals owing to the scavenging ability of TAc and a standard [58,59]. The scavenging effects of TAc and the standard on the DPPH radicals decreased in the order of C-PAA/TAc (2:8) > C-PAA/TAc (5:5) > C-PAA/TAc (8:2); quantitatively, they were 92.66%, 92.57%, and 80.50%, respectively.…”
The design of a novel binder is required for high-capacity silicon anodes, which typically undergo significant changes during charge/discharge cycling. Hence, in this study, a stable network structure was formed by combining tannic acid (TAc), which can be cross-linked, and poly(acrylic acid)(PAA) as an effective binder for a silicon (Si) anode. TAc is a phenolic compound and representative substance with antioxidant properties. Owing to the antioxidant ability of the C-PAA/TAc binder, side reactions during the cycling were suppressed during the formation of an appropriate solid–electrolyte interface layer. The results showed that the expansion of a silicon anode was suppressed compared with that of a conventional PAA binder. This study demonstrates that cross-linking and antioxidant capability facilitate binding and provides insights into the behavior of binders for silicon anodes. The Si anode with the C-PAA/TAc binder exhibited significantly improved cycle stability and higher Coulombic efficiency in comparison to the Si anode with well-established PAA binders. The C-PAA/TAc binder demonstrated a capacity of 1833 mA h g−1Si for 100 cycles, which is higher than that of electrodes fabricated using the conventional PAA binder. Therefore, the C-PAA/TAc binder offers better electrochemical performance.
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