Variation in adult longevity of Culex pipiens f. pipiens, vector of the West Nile Virus

Andreadis, Stefanos S.; Dimotsiou, Ourania C.; Savopoulou-Soultani, Μ.

doi:10.1007/s00436-014-4152-x

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Other studies though suggest that this link is weaker under natural conditions, such as when considering time limitations for oviposition (Gotthard, Berger & Walters, 2007). In addition, females' longevity is often longer than that of the males (Calado & Navarro-Silva, 2002;Andreadis, Dimotsiou & Savopoulou-Soultani, 2014). Thus, accelerated growth rate might result in reduced adult female survival, directly translating into a reproduction disadvantage (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive and sex‐specific life‐history responses ofCulex pipiensmosquito larvae to multiple environmental factors

et al. 2018

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Spatio‐temporal variation in aquatic habitat characteristics can have important implications for the population and community dynamics of organisms utilizing these habitats. We studied the life‐history responses of Culex pipiens larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) to multiple environmental factors associated with habitat drying by increasing larval density (directly affecting resource availability), temperature fluctuations (influencing physiological processes), and solute concentration due to evaporation (inducing an environmental stress), using a full‐factorial design. We found that high density led to lower larval survival and to shorter development time. Larvae delayed their metamorphosis in response to fluctuating temperature. We detected inter‐sexual differences in the effects of these two factors on adult body sizes, with high larval density leading to the emergence of smaller females, and fluctuating temperature translating to larger adult males. The two sexes also differed concerning the two‐way interactive effects of different environmental factors on development time and on adult size. Our findings indicate that C. pipiens larvae respond to multiple environmental factors via phenotypic plasticity, rather than through bet‐hedging. Future studies should account for additional inter‐stage effects, rather than body size, such as adult fecundity, longevity, and dispersal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive and sex‐specific life‐history responses ofCulex pipiensmosquito larvae to multiple environmental factors

et al. 2018

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“…b shows mosquito‐to‐bird transmission at the same two temperatures averaged across the mosquito's lifespan (weighted by survival) using data from Andreadis et al. () (see Appendix for data on mosquito survival and results for mosquito‐to‐bird transmission without weighting by survival). Here, an increase in temperature decreases lifetime average transmission because the increased rate of mosquito mortality at high temperatures outweighs the gain in incubation rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain average mosquito lifetime transmission given log 10 dose and temperature, we averaged daily mosquito transmission probability weighted by survival using Culex survival modeled using data from Andreadis et al. () (see Appendix ). Data were analyzed with and without weighting by mosquito survival; in the main text, we present transmission including mosquito survival probabilities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can existing data on West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitos explain strain replacement?

Kain

Bolker

2017

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Understanding pathogen strain displacement is important for predicting and managing the spread of infectious disease. However, a mechanistic understanding for the outcome of pathogen competition often remains unresolved, as in the case of the displacement of the West Nile virus (WNV) NY99 genotype by the newer WN02 genotype. In this study, we seek to explain the observed displacement of the NY99 genotype by examining evidence for differences between NY99 and WN02 over WNV's entire transmission cycle. We synthesized the available empirical data on key aspects of WNV's transmission cycle including viral titer profiles in birds, survival of birds, bird-to-mosquito transmission probability, and mosquito-to-bird transmission probability for infections with both the NY99 and WN02 genotypes of WNV. Using a Bayesian statistical framework, we combine our literature synthesis on infection dynamics in birds and mosquitos with bird community and mosquito life history parameters to examine fitness differences between NY99 and WN02. We calculate the intrinsic reproduction numbers (R 0 ) for NY99 and WN02 and assume a larger value of R 0 for WN02 will explain its competitive dominance over NY99. Our analysis of the collective body of experimental infections of birds and mosquitos produced similar R 0 estimates for NY99 and WN02 with wide overlapping credible intervals, which we take as insufficient evidence for greater fitness of WN02. The currently cited explanation for the displacement of WN02 by NY99-the attribution of the displacement of NY99 by WN02 to the latter's more efficient replication in mosquitos-is, at best, weakly supported by the evidence. Further infection studies of American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and broader coverage of possibly competent hosts for WN02, as well as more ecological data such as the spatial and temporal differences in vector and bird communities, will be needed to fully understand the community dynamics of WNV and the determinants of higher fitness in the WN02 genotype.

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“…Advances in use of transcriptional profiles to estimate adult mosquito age (Cook et al 2006;Cook & Sinkins 2010;Hugo et al 2010) provide an opportunity for estimating adult mosquito age from field-collected samples and make this an exciting and critically important direction for future work. Likewise, empirical data informing understanding of overwinter or interseasonal vector survival are generally sparse, although those studies available suggest egg and adult survival between seasons may be important determinants of seasonal population dynamics and pathogen persistence (Andreadis, Armstrong & Bajwa 2010;Lounibos et al 2010;Fischer et al 2011;Andreadis, Dimotsiou & Savopoulou-Soultani 2014). The assumption of constant mortality rates is not supported by empirical studies, meaning that common transmission models overestimate the efficacy of control strategies aimed at reducing survival rates (Bellan 2010).…”

Section: E C T O R D E N S I T Y ( M )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Fischer et al . ; Andreadis, Dimotsiou & Savopoulou‐Soultani ). The assumption of constant mortality rates is not supported by empirical studies, meaning that common transmission models overestimate the efficacy of control strategies aimed at reducing survival rates (Bellan ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological foundations of transmission potential and vector‐borne disease in urban landscapes

et al. 2015

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Summary Urban transmission of arthropod-vectored disease has increased in recent decades. Understanding and managing transmission potential in urban landscapes requires integration of sociological and ecological processes that regulate vector population dynamics, feeding behavior, and vector-pathogen interactions in these unique ecosystems. Vectorial capacity is a key metric for generating predictive understanding about transmission potential in systems with obligate vector transmission. This review evaluates how urban conditions, specifically habitat suitability and local temperature regimes, and the heterogeneity of urban landscapes can influence the biologically-relevant parameters that define vectorial capacity: vector density, survivorship, biting rate, extrinsic incubation period, and vector competence.Urban landscapes represent unique mosaics of habitat. Incidence of vector-borne disease in urban host populations is rarely, if ever, evenly distributed across an urban area. The persistence and quality of vector habitat can vary significantly across socio-economic boundaries to influence vector species composition and abundance, often generating socio-economically distinct gradients of transmission potential across neighborhoods.Urban regions often experience unique temperature regimes, broadly termed urban heat islands (UHI). Arthropod vectors are ectothermic organisms and their growth, survival, and behavior are highly sensitive to environmental temperatures. Vector response to UHI conditions is dependent on regional temperature profiles relative to the vector’s thermal performance range. In temperate climates UHI can facilitate increased vector development rates while having countervailing influence on survival and feeding behavior. Understanding how urban heat island (UHI) conditions alter thermal and moisture constraints across the vector life cycle to influence transmission processes is an important direction for both empirical and modeling research.There remain persistent gaps in understanding of vital rates and drivers in mosquito-vectored disease systems, and vast holes in understanding for other arthropod vectored diseases. Empirical studies are needed to better understand the physiological constraints and socio-ecological processes that generate heterogeneity in critical transmission parameters, including vector survival and fitness. Likewise, laboratory experiments and transmission models must evaluate vector response to realistic field conditions, including variability in sociological and environmental conditions.

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Variation in adult longevity of Culex pipiens f. pipiens, vector of the West Nile Virus

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Interactive and sex‐specific life‐history responses ofCulex pipiensmosquito larvae to multiple environmental factors

Interactive and sex‐specific life‐history responses ofCulex pipiensmosquito larvae to multiple environmental factors

Can existing data on West Nile virus infection in birds and mosquitos explain strain replacement?

The ecological foundations of transmission potential and vector‐borne disease in urban landscapes

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