Variation between genotypes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cultivars and interspecific hybrids) in time of flowering and response to long days. II. Variation in shoot development

Abstract

Twenty carnation genotypes of diverse origin were planted in September and were kept under an 8 h day and a light intensity of 15 W/m 2 visible radiation in a phytotron from 30 November to 24 February . Long photoperiods (24 h ; LD) were applied in December-January for 25 days . In addition to flowering dates of individual shoots, records were kept on shoot development (number of visible leaf pairs) on four dates : (1) six weeks after pinching, (2) at the beginning of the LD treatment in December, (3) when plants were transferred from the phytotron to the glasshouse in February and (4) at the time of flowering of individual shoots . The genetic variation in number of visible leaf pairs on each of these dates, in relation to shoot position and rate of unfolding of leaf pairs, was analysed .On the basis of these analyses, the between and within-genotype variation in time of flowering, yield distribution and LD response could be, at least partly, related to variation in the above-mentioned parameters . It was established that relevant genetic variation exists in (1) the initial development of the axillary bud from which a primary shoot is produced after pinching ; (2) the rate of leaf unfolding ; (3) the minimum number of leaf pairs required for flower initiation and (4) the within-plant variation in the above three characters in relation to shoot position .

Selection for early flowering in progenies of interspecific crosses of ten species in the genus Dianthus

“…The Diantini progenies-outstanding in earliness and LD response in an earlier comparative trial with cultivars and back-crossed interspecific hybrids of cultivars (Sparnaaij et al ., 1990) -responded strongly to LD in the present trial, though they were among the latest flowering progenies . It should be noted, however, that they were also the only representatives in the present trial from the range of commercial cultivars .…”

“…A longer productive season and a more uniform yield distribution would improve the profitability of carnation growing . The results ; of a series of comparative trials of carnation genotypes, to determine environmental and genetical factors influencing yield distribution, were reported earlier (Sparnaaij et al, 1987(Sparnaaij et al, , 1990 . The genus Dianthus comprises a large number of species adapted to very different environmental conditions and, consequently, of very different growth habit and flowering pattern .…”

Integrated multi‐omic data and analyses reveal the pathways underlying key ornamental traits in carnation flowers

“…Carnation flowers are used to commemorate numerous varieties of ceremonies, events, and holidays such as in celebration of weddings in China, banquets in France, and ‘prom’ dances by students in the United States. Plant breeders have used interspecific hybridization to develop cultivars with novel floral and growth characteristics (Nimura et al ., 2006 ; Sparnaaij et al ., 1990 ).…”