Variation and Type Specificity in the Bacterial Species Hemophilus Influenzae

Pittman, Margaret

doi:10.1084/jem.53.4.471

Cited by 482 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…influenzae is a small Gram-negative coccobacillus whose growth on laboratory media requires haem (factor X) and NAD (factor V) (Oksuz et al, 2005). There are six serotypes (a-f) determined by capsular polysaccharide composition and also non-capsulated strains (Pittman, 1931). It is part of the normal upper respiratory tract flora and can cause meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteraemia, osteomyelitis and septic arthritis (Oksuz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatobiliary infections due to non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Talbot¹,

Alexander²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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We present two cases of non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae hepatobiliary infection and review the literature. Such cases are rare, and prior to routine immunization against H. influenzae serotype b invasive Haemophilus disease was largely caused by capsulated strains. The epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus infections has changed and the number of cases of intra-abdominal and hepatobiliary infection may be underestimated due to current microbiological processing practices. Case reports Case 1A 52-year-old male patient was admitted following a 6 week history of gradually worsening right upper quadrant pain. In the preceding 24 h he had experienced fever and rigors, but with no other symptoms. Four years previously he had developed gall stone-induced pancreatitis that necessitated a cholecystectomy. Since then he was an insulin-dependent diabetic. His other past medical history included hypothyroidism that was well controlled with levothryoxine. On examination he had a temperature of 39.5 u C and was tachycardic with a pulse rate of 120 beats min 21 . He was hypoxic on room air with a pO 2 (partial pressure of O 2 in arterial blood) of 7.4 kPa and had respiratory alkalosis. There was no jaundice or abdominal tenderness. Blood tests revealed a raised white cell count of 19.2610 9 cells l 21 (neutrophilia) and a C-reactive protein level of 185 mg l 21 . Liver function tests showed an elevated alkaline phosphatase level of 247 IU l 21 with normal bilirubin (8 mmol l 21 ) and alanine transaminase (8 IU l 21 ). His international normalized ratio was elevated at 1.5, and he had an albumin level of 34 mg l 21 . Blood cultures taken on admission were sterile after 5 days incubation. An abdominal ultrasound scan identified a large cystic lesion (12 by 15 cm) also visualized by computed tomography (CT) scanning in segments 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the liver with appearances consistent with an abscess (Fig. 1). A CT pulmonary angiogram was normal (performed in view of the hypoxia). A percutaneous drain was inserted under ultrasound guidance that revealed pus that on culture gave a pure growth of Haemophilus influenzae. Empirical treatment had already been started with intravenous coamoxiclav (1.2 g three times daily) and this was continued for 14 days before the patient was discharged with a further 14 days of oral co-amoxiclav (625 mg three times daily). The patient's inflammatory markers normalized and a repeat liver CT scan 6 weeks later showed resolution of the abscess. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed no apparent biliary aetiology for the liver abscess. Case 2A 32-year-old female patient presented with a 6 day history of severe, colicky epigastric and left-sided upper quadrant pain that was exacerbated by movement and lying on her left side. This was associated with vomiting, fever and rigors. She had experienced similar but less severe bouts of pain over the preceding 2 years. Her past medical history included polycystic ovarian syndrome and a hiatus hernia, and her only regular medication was a proton ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatobiliary infections due to non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Talbot¹,

Alexander²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…After 18 hr. incubation, the Levinthal's agar plates were examined by strong, obliquely transmitted light for the greenish iridescence of capsulate strains described by Pittman (1931). Capsulate strains were also distinguishable on this medium by their greater opacity, more mucoid surface appearance and tendency to confluence of colonies.…”

Section: Recognition Of Capsulate Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the strains which cause meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottitis, suppurative arthritis and certain other acute infections are nearly always capsulate and of Pittman's type b (Pittman, 1931;Alexander, Ellis & Leidy, 1942;Thilenius & Carter, 1959).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naso-pharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type B

Turk

1963

J. Hyg.

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H.influenzae type b, the sero-type which causes meningitis, was isolated from 3 (2·4 %) of 127 naso-pharyngeal swabs from white non-Jamaican children resident in Jamaica, and from 14 (2·9 %) of 473 such swabs from a mixed group of Jamaican children. Much higher frequencies were found in households in which cases of haemophilus meningitis had recently occurred (41 %), in the nursery of an orphan home (up to 70%) and in a day-nursery. In the orphan home nursery the high frequency persisted over a number of months, but no case of meningitis or other relevant disease occurred. A high concentration of this organism is therefore compatible with normal health, and the significance of high concentrations in the homes of meningitis patients is not certain.I am indebted to the Standing Advisory Committee for Medical Research in the British Caribbean for a grant towards the cost of materials; to a number of colleagues at the University College of the West Indies, notably Dr E. H. Back, Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics, and the staff of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine; to those in charge of the orphan home, the day-nursery, the play-school and the other institutions visited; to many cooperative parents and children and to my wife for help in the collection of specimens.

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“…The species is divided into six capsular types on the basis of production of a polysaccharide capsule [2] of which type b is a frequent cause of meningitis and other invasive disorders in children [3]. The non-capsulate strains also cause a wide spectrum of clinical infections including chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia, and are found in 75% of healthy individuals [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtype distribution of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from North India

Sharma

Kaur

Ganguly

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A total of 120 Haemophilus influenzae isolates from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum and throat swabs of patients and carriers in North India was characterised by biotyping, ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Of these, 77 isolates (64%) were serotype b; the other 43 (36%) were non-typable. Biotype I was the most predominant among the typable strains and biotype II among the non-typable strains. Ribotyping with restriction endonucleases HaeIII and EcoRI differentiated the isolates into three and six ribotypes, respectively. However, RAPD fingerprints generated by the application of arbitrary primers AP1 and AP2 provided a higher level of discrimination. RAPD typing revealed distinct polymorphism among the serologically typable isolates. This study is the first report that stratifies the subtypes of H. influenzae strains from India by molecular techniques.

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Variation and Type Specificity in the Bacterial Species Hemophilus Influenzae

Cited by 482 publications

References 8 publications

Hepatobiliary infections due to non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Hepatobiliary infections due to non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae

Naso-pharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type B

Subtype distribution of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from North India

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