Variation and its distribution in wild cacao populations from the Brazilian Amazon

Dias, Luíz Antônio dos Santos; Barriga, Júlio Pontes; Kageyama, Paulo Yoshio; Almeida, Caio Marcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de

doi:10.1590/s1516-89132003000400003

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, it is not surprising that differences in morphology are to be found among the different river systems in the Amazon. Morphometric differentiation based on fruit and seed traits among river basins (Japurá, Solimões, Purus and Ji-Parana) in the Amazon were also studied in cacao (Theobroma cacao L), with the cacao diversity found predominantly in trees within basins and among basins (Dias et al, 2003). According to Shimamoto et al (1994), O. glumaepatula is commonly found on the lower basin of the Rio Negro and three tributaries (Rio Branco, Unini and Jau), with a lower frequency of occurrence upstream.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoagronomic genetic diversity in american wild rice species

Veasey¹,

Silva

Schammass

et al. 2008

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphoagronomic genetic diversity in american wild rice species

Veasey¹,

Silva

Schammass

et al. 2008

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Likewise, examples of documented cacao natural populations that may reveal new haplotypes are Upper Orinoco [78], Caquetá River in Colombian Amazon and Ecuadorian Amazon [51], Santiago and Morona rivers in northern Peru [79], Chuncho in southern Peru [75], Beni River in Bolivia [80], the Brazilian Amazon [14,81,82], southwestern and southern Amazonia [27,83], and Amazonian basin [2]. Furthermore, the analysis of additional samples like those held in international (CATIE and ICGT) and national cacao collections (see [52]) likely will reveal additional chloroplast diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Patterns of Genetic Variation among Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Populations Based on Chloroplast Markers

et al. 2021

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The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is native to the Amazon basin and widely cultivated in the tropics to produce seeds, the valuable raw material for the chocolate industry. Conservation of cacao genetic resources and their availability for breeding and production programs are vital for securing cacao supply. However, relatively little is still known about the phylogeographic structure of natural cacao populations. We studied the geographic distribution of cpDNA variation in different populations representing natural cacao stands, cacao farms in Ecuador, and breeding populations. We used six earlier published cacao chloroplast microsatellite markers to genotype 233 cacao samples. In total, 23 chloroplast haplotypes were identified. The highest variation of haplotypes was observed in western Amazonia including geographically restricted haplotypes. Two observed haplotypes were widespread across the Amazon basin suggesting long distance seed dispersal from west to east in Amazonia. Most cacao genetic groups identified earlier using nuclear SSRs are associated with specific chloroplast haplotypes. A single haplotype was common in selections representing cacao plantations in west Ecuador and reference Trinitario accessions. Our results can be used to determine the chloroplast diversity of accessions and in combination with phenotypic assessments can help to select geographically distinctive varieties for cacao breeding programs.

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“…Later, Barriga et al (1985), Bartley et al (1988) and Kobayashi et al (1998) extended this characterization to accessions from different watersheds in the Brazilian Amazon region. The presumed genetic structuring of natural cacao populations per watersheds (Barriga et al 1985, Almeida et al 1987) was recently reinforced (Dias et al 2003). All these studies have evidenced the existence of great genetic variability to be explored in improvement programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%