Variation among Accessions of Pisum fulvum for Resistance to Pea Weevil

Abstract

tents reduces yield, while feeding scars and holes on testa reduce the quality and marketability of pea seed. The pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), isIn addition, weevil-damaged seed has lower germination one of the most intractable pest problems of cultivated pea, Pisum sativum L. The availability of resistant cultivars would give growers rates and is prone to structural weakening during harmore pest management options. Searches for plant resistance to pea vest (Brindley and Hinman, 1937; Baker, 1990). High weevil were expanded to the Pisum secondary gene pool (P. fulvum levels of weevil-infested seed have been reported in Sm.) because seed resistance had not been located in P. sativum and Australia (10.6 to 71.5%; Horne and Bailey, 1991), subspecies. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent Spain (12.2 to 25.7%;Marzo et al., 1997), and the USA of pod and seed resistance to pea weevil in P. fulvum, and to use the (up to 64%; Pesho et al., 1977; Bragg and Burns, 2000). life table format to characterize weevil stage-specific mortality and Worldwide, pea producers rely mainly on contact insurvivorship on different P. fulvum accessions. Mortality of first instar secticides to control adults in pea fields before females larvae on pods, mortality of all weevil stages within seed, adult emerlay eggs on pods (Horne and Bailey, 1991; O'Keeffe et gence from seed, and seed damage levels were quantified. In two al., 1992; Clement et al., 2000). However, timing chemigreenhouse trials, more larvae died (14 to 50% averages) on pods of P. fulvum accessions than on pods of 'Alaska 81' (6% average), and cal applications to coincide with female egg laying is mortality of first instar larvae entering seed of P. fulvum accessions difficult. More than one application may be required if averaged 83.7%. Seed damage ratings (1 ϭ feeding scar on seed testa, weevil invasions continue for 2 to 4 wk in a pea field 0-1% cotyledon tissue eaten, dead first instar larva; 5 ϭ extensive (Michael et al., 1990). The development and use of cultidamage, live adult) averaged Ͻ3.0 for 26 P. fulvum accessions, comvars with pod and seed resistance to B. pisorum would pared with mean ratings of 4.9 for Alaska 81. Using weevil mortality reduce control costs and provide an environmentally and survivorship values in life tables and adult emergence rates, entries safer option than contact insecticides for adult weevil were classified as susceptible (two controls and five accessions), modcontrol. erately resistant (14 accessions), and resistant (12 accessions). Antibio-Some P. sativum lines with the Np gene respond to sis resistance was based on the death of weevil larvae on pods and the presence of pea weevil eggs on pods by forming seed testa and cotyledon tissues. The results identify sources of natural weevil resistance in the Pisum genome (26 moderately resistant and Abbreviations: GRIN, Genetic Resources Information Network.

Legume Crops Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity for Science and Breeding

“…Many pea germplasm screens have been conducted for biotic and abiotic stresses, agronomic traits and seed quality (e.g., nutrition) but the studies are small (less than 20 accessions), the data is unavailable, published in difficult-to-access sources or unpublished. The most attention has been given to P. fulvum, as a donor of bruchid resistance and source of novel powdery mildew resistance (Clement et al, 2002(Clement et al, , 2009Fondevilla et al, , 2008Byrne et al, 2008). Incomplete levels of resistance to powdery mildew, rust (Uromyces pisi (Pers.)…”

“…Durieu and Ochatt (2000) have tested protoplast fusion and regeneration of calli between Pisum sativum and Lathyrus sativus, and although heterokaryons were detected and up to 6 cell divisions were observed, no further growth or plant regeneration could be achieved. Pisum fulvum was used to introduce resistance to powdery mildew , bruchid pests (Clement et al, 2002(Clement et al, , 2009Byrne et al, 2008) and Orobanche crenata , while primitive landraces were used in order to incorporate virus and Fusarium resistances (Providenti, 1990;McPhee et al, 1999). Wild accessions of P. sativum subsp.…”

Gene-Based Sequence Diversity Analysis of Field Pea (Pisum)

“…P. abyssinicum and P. sativum are interfertile although success rates can be variable, and between some accessions reciprocal crosses may not be interfertile. P. fulvum and P. sativum have a more restricted interfertility, although crosses can be successful (Clement et al 2002) and for practical purposes P. abyssinicum has been used in a bridging cross (e.g., Forster et al 1999). There are sporadic reports of infertility in wide crosses (e.g., Ochatt et al 2004), but such reports should be considered against the background of demonstrable success in these wide crosses.…”

Molecular and functional characterization ofcry1Actransgenic pea lines

“…Sharma et al, 2010 In pea, 10 to 70 % yield losses can be incurred depending on the insect pests. Schroeder et al, 1995;Clement, Hardie, Elberson 2002;Legowski, Gould 1960;Williams, Schotzko, Okeeffe 1995;Biddle, Cattlin 2001;Korth 2008 When a desired trait is not available in a given gene pool, one way to complement conventional breeding is to apply biotechnological techniques to access and transfer genes for novel traits from other sources. This approach has been used to develop not only varieties resistant to production constraints (such as insect and diseases) but also to improve the nutritional value of different crops.…”