Variation across the agricultural season in organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels for Latino farmworkers in eastern North Carolina: Project design and descriptive results

Arcury, Thomas A.; Grzywacz, Joseph G.; Chen, Haiying; Vallejos, Quirina M.; Galván, Leonardo; Whalley, Lara E.; Isom, Scott; Barr, Dana Boyd; Quandt, Sara A.

doi:10.1002/ajim.20703

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The vast majority of participants reported receiving pesticide safety training (97%), with 80% indicating that the training was provided as recently as the current season. Our study had higher rates of training than a prior study ( N = 287) in which 80% had training in current the season but the other 20% had no training at all (Arcury et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Observed and self-reported pesticide protective behaviors of Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Walton

LePrevost

Wong

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Agricultural pesticide exposure has potential adverse health effects for farmworkers that may be reduced by pesticide protective behaviors (PPBs). The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Worker Protection Standard (WPS) requires PPBs be taught to farmworkers prior to field work. Studies to date have not utilized observational methods to evaluate the degree to which PPBs are practiced by Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe, compare, and contrast observed and self-reported PPBs used by Latino farmworkers; both PPBs that the WPS requires be taught and other PPBs were included. Observed and self-reported data were collected from 71 Latino farmworkers during the 2014 tobacco growing season in North Carolina. Participants were consistent in reporting and using long pants and closed shoes in the field most of the time. In addition, gloves, hats/bandanas, and water-resistant outerwear were frequently observed, although they are not required to be taught by the WPS. Farmworkers reported more long-sleeve (p = .028) and glove use (p = .000) than what was observed. It was uncommon to observe washing behavior before eating or drinking, even when washing supplies were available. Washing behaviors were significantly overreported for hand (p = .000; (p = .000) and face (p = .000; (p = .058) washing before eating and drinking in the field. This study documents that protective clothing behaviors that the WPS requires be taught, plus a few others are commonly practiced by Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers, but washing behaviors in the field are not. Targeted strategies to improve washing behaviors in the field are needed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Observed and self-reported pesticide protective behaviors of Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Walton

LePrevost

Wong

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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“…High levels of pesticide exposure among migrant and seasonal farmworkers have been documented based on analysis of the dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP insecticides 5,6 and of specific metabolites of OP, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides. 6–8 Recent analyses of the OP DAP metabolites indicate that Latino immigrant non-farmworkers also have high levels of detection and concentration for these metabolites, 5,9 indicating that they experience exposure to OP pesticides similar to that of Latino farmworkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6–8 Recent analyses of the OP DAP metabolites indicate that Latino immigrant non-farmworkers also have high levels of detection and concentration for these metabolites, 5,9 indicating that they experience exposure to OP pesticides similar to that of Latino farmworkers. These vulnerable US non-farmworker Latino populations had DAP metabolite concentrations higher than non-agricultural comparison groups in studies conducted outside of the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmworker and nonfarmworker Latino immigrant men in North Carolina have high levels of specific pesticide urinary metabolites

Arcury

Chen

Laurienti

et al. 2017

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health

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This paper compares detections and concentrations of specific organophosphate, bis-dithiocarbamate, and pyrethroid insecticide urinary metabolites among Latino male farmworkers and non-farmworkers in North Carolina. Data are from interviews and urine samples collected in 2012 and 2013. Farmworkers and non-farmworkers frequently had detections for OP and pyrethroid pesticide urinary metabolites. Detections of bis-dithiocarbamate urinary metabolites were less frequent, but substantial among the non-farmworkers. The concentrations of organophosphate, bis-dithiocarbamate, and pyrethroid pesticide urinary metabolites were high for farmworkers and non-farmworkers compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey results. Pesticide urinary metabolite detection was not associated with occupation in non-farmworkers. Research for reducing pesticide exposure among farmworkers remains important; research is also needed to determine pesticide exposure pathways among Latino non-farmworkers.

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“…For example, Arcury and colleagues [2009a, 2009b, 2010] examined pesticide urinary metabolites among farmworkers in North Carolina from samples collected in 2007 and reported that farmworkers are commonly exposed to many different pesticides, including organophosphorous (OP), carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, and several herbicides. They reported that: (1) farmworkers are exposed to different pesticides at different points in the agricultural season; (2) each individual farmworker is exposed to many different pesticides during an agricultural season, and (3) each individual farmworker experiences repeated exposure to specific pesticides several times during the agricultural season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime and current pesticide exposure among Latino farmworkers in comparison to other Latino immigrants

Arcury

Nguyen

Summers

et al. 2014

American J Industrial Med

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Background Pesticide exposure poses a health risk for farmworkers. This analysis documents lifetime and current pesticide exposure of North Carolina Latino migrant farmworkers, with comparison to non-farmworker Latino immigrants. Methods During May–October 2012, 235 Latino farmworkers and 212 Latino non-farmworkers completed interviews with items to construct measures of lifetime, current residential and occupational pesticide exposure. Results Farmworkers experience levels of lifetime and residential pesticide exposure that are consistently greater than among non-farmworkers. Farmworkers report a large number of occupational pesticide exposures. Lifetime exposure and current residential pesticide exposure are related to social determinants. Education is inversely related to lifetime pesticide exposure for farmworkers and non-farmworkers; farmworkers with H-2A visas report greater residential pesticide exposure than those without H-2A visas. Conclusions Occupational safety policy needs to consider these patterns of lifetime exposure when setting standards. Health care providers should be aware of the lifetime and current exposure of this vulnerable population.

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Variation across the agricultural season in organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels for Latino farmworkers in eastern North Carolina: Project design and descriptive results

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Observed and self-reported pesticide protective behaviors of Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Observed and self-reported pesticide protective behaviors of Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Farmworker and nonfarmworker Latino immigrant men in North Carolina have high levels of specific pesticide urinary metabolites

Lifetime and current pesticide exposure among Latino farmworkers in comparison to other Latino immigrants

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