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A major hurdle in adoptive T cell therapy is cell exhaustion and failure to maintain anti-tumor responses. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) strategy for reprogramming and revitalization of precursor exhausted BCMA-specific T cells to effectively target multiple myeloma (MM). Heteroclitic BCMA72-80 LMFLLRKI)-specific CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were epigenetically reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, developed into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC: CD34+ CD43+/CD14- CD235a-), differentiated into the T cell lineage and evaluated for their poly-functional activities against MM. The final T cell products demonstrated; 1) mature CD8αβ+ memory phenotype, 2) high expression of activation/costimulatory molecules (CD38, CD28, 41BB), 3) no expression of immune checkpoint and senescence markers (CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, TIM3; CD57), and 4) robust proliferation and poly-functional immune responses to MM. The BCMC-specific iPSC-T cells possessed a single T cell receptor clonotype with cognate BCMA peptide recognition and specificity for targeting MM. RNAseq analyses revealed distinct genome-wide shifts and a distinctive transcriptional profile in selected iPSC clones, which can develop CD8αβ+ memory T cells. This includes a repertoire of gene regulators promoting T cell lineage-development, memory CTL activation, and immune response regulation [LCK, IL7R; 4-1BB, TRAIL, GZMB, FOXF1, ITGA1]. This study highlights the potential application of iPSC technology to an adaptive T cell therapy protocol and identifies specific transcriptional patterns that could serve as a biomarker for selection of suitable iPSC clones for successful development of antigen-specific CD8αβ+ memory T cells to improve MM patient outcome.
A major hurdle in adoptive T cell therapy is cell exhaustion and failure to maintain anti-tumor responses. Here, we introduce an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) strategy for reprogramming and revitalization of precursor exhausted BCMA-specific T cells to effectively target multiple myeloma (MM). Heteroclitic BCMA72-80 LMFLLRKI)-specific CD8+ memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were epigenetically reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, developed into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC: CD34+ CD43+/CD14- CD235a-), differentiated into the T cell lineage and evaluated for their poly-functional activities against MM. The final T cell products demonstrated; 1) mature CD8αβ+ memory phenotype, 2) high expression of activation/costimulatory molecules (CD38, CD28, 41BB), 3) no expression of immune checkpoint and senescence markers (CTLA4, PD1, LAG3, TIM3; CD57), and 4) robust proliferation and poly-functional immune responses to MM. The BCMC-specific iPSC-T cells possessed a single T cell receptor clonotype with cognate BCMA peptide recognition and specificity for targeting MM. RNAseq analyses revealed distinct genome-wide shifts and a distinctive transcriptional profile in selected iPSC clones, which can develop CD8αβ+ memory T cells. This includes a repertoire of gene regulators promoting T cell lineage-development, memory CTL activation, and immune response regulation [LCK, IL7R; 4-1BB, TRAIL, GZMB, FOXF1, ITGA1]. This study highlights the potential application of iPSC technology to an adaptive T cell therapy protocol and identifies specific transcriptional patterns that could serve as a biomarker for selection of suitable iPSC clones for successful development of antigen-specific CD8αβ+ memory T cells to improve MM patient outcome.
The complicated interactions between genetic background, environment and lifestyle factors make it difficult to study the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, such as cognition and anxiety levels, in humans. However, environmental and other factors can be tightly controlled in mouse studies. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose common genetic and phenotypic diversity is on par with that of humans. Therefore, we leveraged the power of the CC to assess 52 behavioral measures associated with locomotor activity, anxiety level, learning and memory. This is the first application of the CC in novel object recognition tests, Morris water maze tasks, and fear conditioning tests. We found substantial continuous behavioral variations across the CC strains tested, and mapped six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which influenced these traits, defining candidate genetic variants underlying these QTLs. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the CC population in behavioral genetic research, while the identified genomic loci and genes driving the variation of relevant behavioral traits provide a foundation for further studies.
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