Variants of concern responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine breakthrough infections from India

Singh, Urvashi; Rophina, Mercy; Chaudhry, Rama; Senthivel, Vigneshwar; Bala, Kiran; Bhoyar, Rahul C.; Jolly, Bani; Jamshed, Nayer; Imran, Mohamed; Gupta, Ritu; Aggarwal, Praveen; Divakar, Mohit Kumar; Sinha, Subrata; VR, Arvinden; Bajaj, Anjali; Shamnath, Afra; Jain, Abhinav; Scaria, Vinod; Sivasubbu, Sridhar; Guleria, Randeep

doi:10.1002/jmv.27461

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants like the Delta raised concerns regarding vaccine efficacy and its effectiveness against transmission. As infections increased, it became clear that the Delta strain dominated the vaccine breakthrough cases (1,2). While the overall efficacy of the approved Indian vaccines was low for Delta infections, their effectiveness in preventing severe infections ranged from 70% ->90% depending on the population (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

Sriraman

Shaikh

Vaswani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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With the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and implementation of mass-scale interventions like vaccination, understanding factors affecting disease transmission has critical implications for control efforts. Here we used a simple adapted N95 mask sampling method to demonstrate the impact of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination on 92 COVID-19 patients to expel virus into the air translating to a transmission risk. Between July and September 2021, when the Delta was the dominant circulating strain in Mumbai, we noted a two-fold increase in the proportion of people expelling virus (95%), about an eighty-fold increase in median viral load and a three-fold increase in high emitter type (41%; people expelling >1000 viral copy numbers in 30 minutes) compared to initial strains of 2020. Eight percent of these patients continued to be high emitters even after eight days of symptom onset, suggesting a probable increased transmission risk for Delta strain even at this stage. There was no significant difference in expelling pattern between partial, full and un-vaccinated individuals suggesting similar transmission risk. We noted significantly more infections among vaccinated study patients and their household members than unvaccinated, probably due to increased duration from vaccination and/or increased risk behaviour upon vaccination due to lower perceived threat. This study provides biological evidence for possible continued transmission of the Delta strain even with vaccination, emphasizing the need to continue COVID-19 appropriate behaviour. The study also indicates that the mask method may be useful for screening future vaccine candidates, therapeutics or interventions for their ability to block transmission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

Sriraman

Shaikh

Vaswani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Many cases of breakthrough infection have been reported across the globe especially with the Delta variant. 2 . India was also severely affected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant during the second wave of pandemic during March-June 2021.…”

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confidence: 99%

A case of breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta derivative and reinfection with Omicron variant in a fully vaccinated health care professional

Pandit

Bhatt

Sahay

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection

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“…From available genetic sequence data, the majority of the breakthrough infections in the United States were identified to be due to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern [ 5 ]. The variant of concern, B.1.617.2 has emerged as one of the predominant variants in India and has shown increased transmissibility and immune escape [ 15 , 25 ]. A study from India also reported variant of concern B.1.617.2 as the predominant lineage among the 63 breakthrough cases that occurred after both Covishield and Covaxin [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variant of concern, B.1.617.2 has emerged as one of the predominant variants in India and has shown increased transmissibility and immune escape [ 15 , 25 ]. A study from India also reported variant of concern B.1.617.2 as the predominant lineage among the 63 breakthrough cases that occurred after both Covishield and Covaxin [ 25 ]. An earlier study from Kerela found B.1.1.7 among most breakthrough cases and this strain has been shown to lower neutralizing antibody titers against Covishield [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities and Vaccination Status of COVID-19 All-Cause Mortality at a Tertiary Care Center of Western India

Verma¹,

Sharma²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines have been found to be efficacious for preventing severe disease, yet breakthrough infections and deaths have occurred in a small proportion of vaccinated individuals. This study aimed to describe the vaccination status and comorbidities of COVID-19 all-cause deaths.Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center in western India. A total of 310, RT-PCR positive COVID-19 deaths, aged 45 years and above irrespective of the cause of death (all-cause mortality), were included in the study. Death after breakthrough infection was defined as death in patient with disease onset after 14 days of the second dose of vaccine.Results: Diabetes was the most common comorbidity found in 17.1% of the deaths, followed by hypertension. Cardiovascular disease and renal disease were other common comorbidities seen in 8.7% and 4.83% deaths respectively. Other less common comorbidities include neurological disorders, HIV, autoimmune disorders. Out of these 310 deaths, 21.4% of patients developed disease within 14 days of the first dose. Death after true breakthrough infection (after 14 days of both doses) was seen in only two patients (0.6%). One of these two patients was aged 60 years and had diabetes, while the other was aged 72 years and had a history of smoking.Conclusion: Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities, indicating a higher risk of mortality among comorbid patients. Only a small proportion of deaths (0.6%) occurred after breakthrough infection beyond 14 days of two doses. COVID-19 vaccines have shown promising efficacy against severe disease, thus high vaccination coverage needs to be achieved to prevent morbidity and mortality.

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Variants of concern responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine breakthrough infections from India

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

A case of breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 Delta derivative and reinfection with Omicron variant in a fully vaccinated health care professional

Comorbidities and Vaccination Status of COVID-19 All-Cause Mortality at a Tertiary Care Center of Western India

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