Variant treatment for gastric varices with polidocanol foam using balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration: A pilot study

Abstract

Our study further supports the use of foam sclerosants including Polidocanol in BRTO, showing it is a safe and effective minimally-invasive procedure to treat gastric fundal varices in the short term.

Long‐term outcome of patients with gastric varices treated by balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration

“…Recently, foam embolization has been reported in B‐RTO. This could also reduce the amounts of EOI . This procedure also needs to treat microvessels according to Hirota's grade.…”

Percutaneous transvenous embolization for portosystemic shunts associated with encephalopathy: Long‐term outcomes in 14 patients

“…This may reduce the amount of EOI. 31,32 When the length of PSS is too short, it is difficult to use EOI because of the possibility of overflow into the portal vein. In such cases, embolization with a combination coils and NBCA may be a safe and useful technique.…”

Recent development of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration

“…Based on the randomized control trial that showed foam polidocanol to be more effective than liquid polidocanol, foam polidocanol has also been approved in European countries and Japan for the same procedure but has not been approved in the USA. Therefore, BRTO using foam polidocanol off label, to treat IGVs, was introduced only in South Korea, Australia, and Japan . Choi et al .…”