Variant Facial Artery in the Submandibular Region

Vadgaonkar, Rajanigandha; Rai, Rajalakshmi; Prabhu, Latha V.; Murlimanju, B. V.; Samapriya, Neha

doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e318256578f

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The digastric muscle contributes in dividing the anterior triangle into three smaller triangles. The digastric triangle is bounded by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the line connecting the inferior margin of the mandible to the mastoid process (Vadgaonkar et al, 2012). The superficial part of the submandibular gland lies in this triangle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Digastric Muscle: Its Anatomy and Functions Revisited

Kim,

Yoon,

Kim

et al. 2023

Int. J. Morphol.

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As one of the suprahyoid muscles, the digastric muscle is characterized by two separate bellies of different embryologic origins. The origin of the anterior belly is the digastric fossa, while the origin of the posterior belly is the mastoid notch. They share a common insertion: the intermediate tendon. When the digastric muscle contracts, the hyoid bone is raised. Opening of the jaw and swallowing of food boli are associated with digastric muscle activity. This review discusses the general anatomic features of the digastric muscle and its variation, primary functions, and clinical implications focused on surgical reconstruction and rejuvenation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Digastric Muscle: Its Anatomy and Functions Revisited

Kim,

Yoon,

Kim

et al. 2023

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…Some of these terminating branches that have been recorded include the FA terminating as the superior labial, lateral nasal, angular arteries, and others (Koh et al, 2003). Early termination of the FA has also been recorded, and these reports include the submental, inferior labial, and alar arteries (Cardinot et al, 2014; Vadgaonkar et al, 2012). Therefore, the FA, and its branches, can potentially be found in any location from the neck to the midface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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The facial artery (FA) is the main artery supplying the anterior face, making this artery a very important structure to consider while performing plastic and reconstructive procedures. The literature shows discrepancies in anatomical classifications and the frequency of occurrence of individual variations. Therefore, the goal of this meta‐analysis is to provide surgeons with helpful knowledge about the variety of the termination of FA. Articles with data about the termination of the FA were found in major online medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web Of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 1346 articles were initially evaluated by two independent reviewers. Out of those, 24 articles matched the required criteria, and were used in this meta‐analysis. A total of 2119 studied FAs were included in this study. The FA termination patterns were divided into five previously classified types. The data show that the FA terminates most frequently as the lateral nasal or angular artery with the prevalence for this group being 69.81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.83%–78.94%). Authors believe that this is the most accurate and up to date study regarding termination patterns and the prevalence of the FA. The results of this meta‐analysis could provide a helpful tool for surgeons preforming plastic and cosmetic procedures, especially when injecting dermal fillers or choosing and preforming facial flaps. Detailed anatomical knowledge about the FA may prevent potential surgical complications.

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“…However, aberrant pathways in which the facial artery may deviate and course within the parenchyma of the gland could put the vasculature and nerves at risk in cases of pathology, surgical procedures, or other derangement of the submandibular gland. In fact, a few cases of the facial artery piercing the SMG have been reported in the literature (Vadgaonkar et al, 2012; Venugopal et al, 2014). The integrity of the facial artery is also relevant given the postsynaptic sympathetic periarterial plexus that travels on its external surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of aberrant neurovascular structures coursing through the submandibular gland

Eaton

Smith

2019

PeerJ

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Background Variation within the submandibular triangle, including variant paths of facial neurovasculature, could increase risk of neurovascular derangement during submandibular gland (SMG) dysfunction, enlargement, interventions, or removal. Methods Frequency of anatomical variants enveloped within or piercing the SMG, including facial artery, vein, or branches of CN VII, were assessed in 70 cadaveric submandibular glands (39M/31F). Results Eighteen of 70 SMGs (25.7%) were pierced by at least one aberrant neurovasculature structure: Facial artery most frequently (n = 13), followed by facial vein (n = 2), inferior labial artery and vein (n = 1), and CN VII cervical branch (n = 1). This study demonstrated the high variability of neurovasculature within submandibular parenchyma. These aberrant neurovascular structures, especially facial artery, are in danger of compromise during surgical and other medical procedures on the SMG. To avoid potential neurovascular compromise, ultrasonographic or other imaging is recommended prior to procedures involving the SMG.

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Variant Facial Artery in the Submandibular Region

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

The Digastric Muscle: Its Anatomy and Functions Revisited

The Digastric Muscle: Its Anatomy and Functions Revisited

Termination points of the facial artery—A meta‐analysis

Clinical implications of aberrant neurovascular structures coursing through the submandibular gland

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