Variación biológica en las aráceas trepadoras

Bautista-Bello, Alma Patricia; Krömer, Thorsten; Acebey, Amparo; Weichgrebe, Letizia; Zotz, Gerhard

doi:10.21829/abm128.2021.1819

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Aroids are most frequently found in the understorey and are well suited for the humid, low‐light conditions near the forest floor, even post‐transplant. We did not specifically subdivide aroids into hemi‐epiphytes, holo‐epiphytes and nomadic vines (see discussions in Bautista‐Bello et al, 2021; Zotz et al, 2021), but it seemed that almost all aroids recovered from being removed and transplanted to new trees, including nomadic vines. The most common of the aroid species in our experiment was Anthurium vallense Croat, a species that in our site occurs primarily as a holoepiphyte, but is listed on GBIF as also occurring terrestrially (GBIF Secretariat, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

Spicer,

Ortega

2023

Journal of Ecology

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Epiphytes are characterized by their ability to survive without a root connection to the ground, but many basic life‐history traits and ecological trade‐offs of this unique aerial growth habit remain largely uncharacterized. Mortality causes are still not well understood, but falling from the host tree has been suggested as a leading cause of epiphyte mortality and community dynamics. Little empirical evidence exists for why epiphytes do not survive when forced to become terrestrial, and few studies exist that transplant epiphytes between high‐ and low‐forest strata to test trade‐offs between thriving in canopy environments and survival in the forest understorey. Here, we experimentally test two hypotheses regarding the drivers of epiphyte mortality in a cloud forest of central Panama. We test whether simple contact with terrestrial soil is deleterious to epiphytes, preliminarily testing the epiphyte enemy escape hypothesis, and test the vertical niche differentiation hypothesis, wherein epiphytes are specifically adapted for microsites throughout the vertical forest strata. By monitoring survival, leaf loss and health status of 270 transplanted epiphytes for a year and a half, we pinpoint the extent to which soil contact and height of origin regulate epiphyte performance. We found that contact with terrestrial soil itself was detrimental to epiphytes in situ, providing some of the first empirical data to explain why falling onto the ground, versus falling into the understorey, is particularly fatal to epiphytes. However, we also found that mortality rates vary substantially among taxonomic groups and among epiphytes that originally came from different height strata. Synthesis. Plants that are adapted for the canopy experience a trade‐off with higher mortality when in contact with terrestrial soil. Follow‐up studies should explore the role of terrestrial soil microbes and physiological constraints as potential drivers of decreased grounded epiphyte survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

Spicer,

Ortega

2023

Journal of Ecology

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“…Epiphytes are plant species germinating and growing non-parasitically on other plants, primarily trees (Zotz, 2016). Here, we use the epiphyte in a broader sense, including all plant species that typically grow epiphytically (true epiphytes and facultative epiphytes), hemiepiphytes (Zotz et al, 2021a), and nomadic vines (Bautista-Bello et al, 2021;Moffett, 2000;Zotz, 2013). For the purposes of this study, we restricted the scope of assessments to vascular epiphyte species with distributions that are partly or entirely within Colombia.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brink of extinction: red list of epiphytes of Colombia

Carmona-Higuita

Arango

Calderón-Caro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The IUCN Red List assessments of Colombian flora significantly impact national public policy by informing conservation strategies and prioritizing areas for conservation. However, little is known about the distribution, conservation status, or evolutionary history of most Colombian epiphytes, which prevents the development of strategies aimed at their protection. In this article, we present the results of national assessments of extinction risk for 290 species of vascular epiphyte species from Colombia, including 81 country endemics, using geographic occurrences obtained from GBIF, herbarium specimens, and expert observations and implementing an analysis of habitat quantity and quality. We identify the most common threats facing these taxa and highlight the most at-risk taxa, to identify conservation priorities for epiphytic plants in this megadiverse country. We show that focusing on specific taxonomic groups at the national level is a practical approach for accelerating the assessment process. We suggest continuing working collectively, implementing workshops to share the complete route for an individual or multispecies assessment, and sharing experiences of efforts in several countries since, with a standardized methodology and published evaluations in national and global repositories, we can continue working for the conservation of biodiversity of mega-diverse countries, which its protection is critical to maintaining global biodiversity.

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“…(2020) and Bautista‐Bello et al. (2021). However, the studied plants did not comply with the definition of a nomadic vine by Moffett (2000) either, which this author describes as plants that germinate on the ground, and climb up a host, subsequently gradually losing the lower parts of their shoot and thus maintaining a similar shoot length throughout their lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As Zotz et al (2020) and Bautista-Bello et al (2021) could show, there is no consensus in the scientific community on how to consistently apply these names to climbing plants, neither in publications nor in the case of the labels of herbarium vouchers. Apart from highlighting terminological inconsistency, their findings also suggest that there is substantial biological variation within a given species, blurring the lines between the different climber categories outlined above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent publications on aroid climbers indicate that existing categories do not suffice to label them consistently and that differences in growth forms of aroid climbers are rather gradual (Zotz et al., 2020; Bautista‐Bello et al., 2021). Based on these considerations, we collected data from a community of aroid climbers in the tropical lowlands of Panama and provide an in‐depth analysis of their growth forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climbing aroids in a Panamanian lowland forest: We should reconsider our categories

Einzmann,

Weichgrebe,

Kohlstruck

et al. 2024

J Vegetation Science

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BackgroundIn contrast to woody climbers, information on community composition or vertical extension within the forest is scarce for herbaceous climbers, even in well‐studied field sites like Barro Colorado Island. Moreover, questions regarding ontogenetic patterns (site of germination, changes in root/shoot connection with the soil) are unresolved because of a lack of field data.LocationBarro Colorado Island, Panama.MethodsIn 17 plots of 400 m2 each, which were distributed all over the island, we recorded all potential hosts (trees, palms, lianas) with a diameter at breast height larger than 1 cm, and all climbing aroids attached to them. For aroids, we recorded species identity, number of shoots, root connections to the ground, and vertical shoot extension. By distinguishing three size classes for each species in our analyses we deduced the site of germination and ontogenetic changes in the root/shoot connection with the soil.ResultsOnly 16% of all potential hosts were occupied by climbing aroids. We recorded 1196 individuals of 17 species. Aroids preferred larger trees and old‐growth forest. Species differed strongly in vertical distribution. Hemiepiphytic species germinate epiphytically, often high up in tree crowns and later establish root contact with the soil, while the majority of species establish on or close to the ground and reach moderate heights of 5–15 m (forest height ca. 35 m). In all of these species, we observed dieback of the proximal portion of the shoot to a varying extent but contact with the soil was invariably retained via adventitious roots.ConclusionsWe provide rare quantitative data on species richness and abundance of herbaceous climbers in a tropical lowland forest. Few species fall neatly into the categories of vines, nomadic vines and hemiepiphytes. This highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to resolve the current debate on the appropriate grouping of these climbers.

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Variación biológica en las aráceas trepadoras

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

Source height and contact with terrestrial soil drive transplanted epiphyte performance

Brink of extinction: red list of epiphytes of Colombia

Climbing aroids in a Panamanian lowland forest: We should reconsider our categories

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