Variables Related to Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment of Zygomatic Complex Fracture

Abstract

The aim of this retrospective research was to establish the association between variables for the surgical treatment of zygomatic complex (ZC) fractures. In a 10-year period, 532 patients were examined for ZC fractures. The medical records of patients were analyzed to obtain information related to sociodemographic characteristics, trauma etiology, sign and symptoms of patients, and surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using χ test with statistical significance of P < 0.05. Most fractures were sustained by subjects between 21 and 40 years of age (55.8%), being principally men (80.1%), and 153 patients underwent surgery (28.8%). Surgical treatment of ZC fractures was statistically associated to the presence of other facial fractures (P = 0.004), alteration of occlusion (P = 0.0001; probably due to jaw fractures), presence of the comminuted fractures (P = 0.0002), and infraorbital nerve sensory disturbances (P = 0.003). A mixture of complex variables can be associated to surgical treatment; however, variables as comminuted fracture and alteration of occlusion were associated to surgical treatment indications.

A Retrospective Audit of Hundred Patients of Orbitozygomatic Fractures with Brain Injury

“…Males were more commonly involved than females. These findings were consistent with findings from other countries [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Infraorbital Nerve Posttraumatic Deficit and Displaced Zygomatic Fractures

“…In fact, this symptom usually indicates orbital compromise, which confirms the high grade of force trauma. 4 Based on our findings, we conclude that the severity of injury and the absorption of middle-energy and high-energy forces by the ZMC only were associated with ION sensory disturbances in our study population. Therefore, the etiology and severity of the injury as well as the presence of associated symptoms should be thoroughly investigated when a ZMC fracture is suspected, as they may reveal important factors for primary orientation.…”

“…12 The incidence, causes, and treatment of ZMC fractures, as well as the assessment and recovery of ION sensory disturbances, have been extensively described in the maxillofacial literature. 4 However, few data are available concerning the incidence and patterns of ION damages because of displaced zygomatic fractures.…”

“…1Y3 In fact, the prevalence of ZMC fractures has been reported to range between 30% and 45% of all midface fractures. 4 Typical associated signs and symptoms of displaced ZMC fractures include swelling, lack of zygoma projection, diplopia, and sensory disturbances of the infraorbital nerve (ION). 4Y7 The reported incidence of ION alterations varies from 24% to 94% of all the zygomatic fractures, thus being one of the most common symptoms, as ZMC fractures frequently involve the infraorbital fissure, canal, or foramen.…”

Chemosis as complication in transconjunctival approach for orbital trauma

“…Treatment of orbital fractures and fractures of the zygomatic orbital complex has been linked to different conditions, where variables such as the patient's age and gender as well as the presence of other facial fractures are combined5. In a series by Manganello-Souza and Rodrigues de Freitas6 reporting on 40 patients treated with the transconjunctival approach, only five presented with related complications such ectropion, corneal ulceration and ptosis of the lateral canthus.…”