“…Thus, a high level of instructional quality of learning environments is seen as a prerequisite to enhanced learning outcomes depending on students' subjective perceptions, preknowledge, and internal structures of cognitive processing [24,25]. Based on related theoretical frameworks such as self-determination theory (SDT; [26]), research concerning relations between learning environments and students' motivation often focuses on students' individual perceptions of their learning environment [13,27,28]. SDT suggests that learning conditions that lead to the fulfillment of students' basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and social relatedness facilitate students' intrinsic motivation.…”