“…Further examination reveals that among the materials used to actuate topology morphing insulation, such as air [79][80][81], bimetals [65,157,160], carbon nanotubes [184], metals (e.g., compliant micro-mirrors) [63,64,144,145], PCMs (expansion during phased change used to connect components) [66,142], and SMAs [59,69,84,104,109,134,160,163,164,181], among the most common are SMAs, PCMs, and metals. Using these materials as the form of actuation reflects the aforementioned issues around dynamic insulation materials.…”