“…Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a weight in the decay function, e.g., let f (t) = pe −κt with p ∈ [0, 1] in the following derivations, which will produce an initial departure from the sliding surface purposefully to speed up the adaptive process. When p = 0, the sliding function in (19) turns out to be the sliding function in (11); whereas if p = 1, it becomes the total time-varying sliding function studied in [21].…”