Variable persistence of the contagious equine metritis organism in the genital tract of , , , and congenitally thymus-deficient (nude) mice

Timoney, PJ; Shin, Sung Jae; Jacobson, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(85)90001-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Under experimental conditions, the organism has been successfully transmitted to donkeys but not to cattle, sheep, swine, or cats (Timoney et al, 1978c(Timoney et al, , 1984(Timoney et al, , 1985a. Whereas certain congenic strains of mice can be infected with T. equigenitalis, infections are relatively shortlived and not associated with overt signs of disease (Timoney et al, 1985b). There is no evidence to indicate that the bacterium is transmissible to humans.…”

Section: Features Of the Etiologic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Contagious equine metritis: An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States1

Timoney

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Contagious equine metritis (CEM) has given rise to international concern since it was first recognized as a novel venereal disease of equids in 1977 and the etiologic agent was identified as a previously undescribed bacterium, Taylorella equigenitalis. Horse industry concerns over CEM centered on the ease with which this bacterium could be disseminated, the significance of T. equigenitalis as a cause of short-term infertility in the mare, and the existence of the carrier state in the stallion and the mare. The first known outbreak of CEM in the United States was in Kentucky in 1978. The economic impact on the Thoroughbred industry in the state was substantial. Before 2008, additional small-scale outbreaks occurred in Missouri in 1979, Kentucky in 1982, and Wisconsin in 2006, nearly all attributed to the importation of carrier animals. On each occasion, appropriate measures were taken to eliminate the infection, resulting in the United States regaining its CEM-free status. With the exception of the 1978 occurrence in Kentucky, none of the subsequent outbreaks significantly affected the horse industry. That changed dramatically in 2008, however, after the discovery of a Quarter horse stallion in Kentucky that cultured positive. Subsequent investigations turned up 23 carrier stallions and 5 carrier mares belonging to 11 breeds and located in 8 states. Shipment of infective semen and indirect venereal contact in stallion collection centers through the use of contaminated fomites were major factors in the spread of T. equigenitalis. Trace-back investigations of some 1,005 exposed and carrier stallions and mares in 48 states have failed to identify the origin of this latest CEM event. Neither clinical evidence of CEM nor decreased pregnancy rates were reportedly a feature in infected or exposed mares. In light of these findings, there was some question of whether or not the considerable expense incurred in investigating the latest CEM occurrence was warranted. Regaining CEM-free status for the United States will present considerable challenges.

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Section: Features Of the Etiologic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Contagious equine metritis: An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States1

Timoney

2011

Journal of Animal Science

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“…To our knowledge, only two potential alternative host models have been described for taylorellae: (i) congenic strains of mice reported to be susceptible to T. equigenitalis (Timoney et al . ) and (ii) the free‐living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii , recently described as a potential host model for T. equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis (Allombert et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The host model Galleria mellonella is resistant to taylorellae infection

Hébert¹,

Rincé

Sanna³

et al. 2014

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The genus Taylorella is composed of two species: (i) Taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of CEM, a venereally transmitted infection of Equidae and (ii) Taylorella asinigenitalis, a closely related species considered to be nonpathogenic, although experimental infection of mares with this bacterium resulted in clinical signs of vaginitis, cervicitis or endometritis. Currently, there is a need for an alternative host model to further study the taylorellae species. In this context, we explored Galleria mellonella larvae as potential alternative model hosts for taylorellae. Our results showed that infection of G. mellonella larvae with a high concentration of taylorellae did not induce overt G. mellonella mortality and that taylorellae were not able to proliferate within G. mellonella. In conclusion, G. mellonella larvae are resistant to taylorellae infection and therefore do not constitute a relevant alternative system for studying the virulence of taylorellae species. Significance and impact of the study: To date, the pathogenicity and host colonization capacity of Taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM) and T. asinigenitalis, the second species within the Taylorella genus, remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of Galleria mellonella as an infection model for taylorellae; we showed that G. mellonella are resistant to taylorellae infection and therefore do not constitute a suitable host model for taylorellae.

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Contagious equine metritis—epidemiology and control

Timoney¹,

Powell²

1988

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Variable persistence of the contagious equine metritis organism in the genital tract of , , , and congenitally thymus-deficient (nude) mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Contagious equine metritis: An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States1

HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Contagious equine metritis: An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States1

The host model Galleria mellonella is resistant to taylorellae infection

Contagious equine metritis—epidemiology and control

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