Variable Chimerism, Graft-Versus-Host Disease, and Tolerance After Different Kinds of Cell and Whole Organ Transplantation From Lewis to Brown Norway Rats

Evolutionary experience with immunosuppression in pediatric intestinal transplantation

“…(ii) Induction therapy, initially with cyclophosphamide (n = 16,[1995][1996][1997] and subsequently with the interleukin-2 blocker daclizumab (n = 24,[1998][1999][2000][2001], in addition to the tacrolimus and steroid maintenance therapy as described above. Daclizumab was given as a 1 -to 2 -mg/kg body weight infusion for 5 doses, the first at the time of transplantation and the next 4 doses given every 2 weeks after transplantation.…”

“…It has not caused any fatalities and has been treated with modifications in immunosuppression, mostly the addition of steroids for symptomatic rashes. Based on previous reports of chimerism and its impact on tolerance [24], the patients exhibiting this reaction were considered most likely to develop tolerance and an effort was made to wean these patients and minimize their immunosuppression early.…”

The dynamic changes of Th17/Treg cytokines in rat liver transplant rejection and tolerance

“…The LEW-to-BN combination as an acute rejection model could exhibit different severity of acute International Immunopharmacology 11 (2011) 962-967 rejection within 7 days [3,9], and the features of this model are quite similar to those of clinical rejection. In contrast, the BN-to-LEW combination as a tolerance model is also widely used in other studies on rat liver transplantation, with higher 100-day survival rate and no, or at least less acute rejection [10][11][12]. To analyze liver morphology and determination of Th17/Treg-related cytokines concentration, rats were sacrificed at different time points (1, 3, 5 and 7 day) post-transplantation.…”

Acquired immunologic tolerance: with particular reference to transplantation

“…The deletional tolerance is then maintained by leukocyte microchimerism. In numerous other rodent models, the normal outcome of rejection can be regularly converted to the same kind of lifetime tolerance by capping the anti-donor response with a few post-transplant doses of a single immunosuppressant [95] (Fig. 14B).…”