Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions: Table 1

Cameron, J. M.; Howell, Donelle; White, John R.; Andrenyak, David M.; Layton, Matthew E.; Roll, John M.

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050604

Cited by 147 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In many cases, these devices can be refilled with nicotine-containing solutions called "eLiquid" [3,4]. Some of these solutions contain potentially fatal amounts of nicotine [5]. Users of ENDS have reported negative symptoms involving multiple organ systems [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Intravenous Injection of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Refilling Solution

2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Intravenous Injection of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Refilling Solution

2014

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“…The information on the concentration of e-liquids reported by the manufacturers is often not accurate [10]. Calculation of the ingested dose of nicotine on the basis of the manufacturer's information is therefore not reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new challenge: suicide attempt using nicotine fillings for electronic cigarettes

Schipper

Graaff

Koch³

et al. 2014

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…16 This is of concern because the greatest risk of toxicity or fatality in the pediatric population is when e-liquid is ingested or absorbed transdermally. 7 During the study period, the monthly number of exposures associated with e-cigarettes increased by ∼1500%. This significant increase can largely be attributed to the increasing use of these products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plethora of added flavors, colorful packaging, and candylike appearance associated with e-cigarette devices and their liquid refill products, as well as other tobacco products, may make them more attractive to young children. 7,23 With increasing mobility and dexterity, toddlers are also able to access and open liquid nicotine refill containers, which currently 6 generally lack child-resistant closures and often contain potentially lethal amounts of nicotine for a toddler. These developmental changes in taste discrimination, mobility, and dexterity may help explain the slightly greater median age of exposure for e-cigarettes (2.0 years) and other tobacco products (1.3 years) compared with cigarettes (1.1 years).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 This surge is of concern because more than half of the exposures associated with e-cigarettes occurred among children <6 years and because nicotine can be fatal to young children. 2,7 Despite the rapid increases in e-cigarette use and pediatric exposures, an analysis that focuses exclusively and comprehensively on the trends associated with exposures among young children nationally has not been published. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive multiyear study of e-cigarette, nicotine, and tobacco exposures among young children using a national database.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Exposure to E-Cigarettes, Nicotine, and Tobacco Products in the United States

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of exposures to electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), nicotine, and tobacco products among young children in the United States. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of exposures associated with nicotine and tobacco products among children younger than 6 years old was conducted by using National Poison Data System data. RESULTS:From January 2012 through April 2015, the National Poison Data System received 29 141 calls for nicotine and tobacco product exposures among children younger than 6 years, averaging 729 child exposures per month. Cigarettes accounted for 60.1% of exposures, followed by other tobacco products (16.4%) and e-cigarettes (14.2%). The monthly number of exposures associated with e-cigarettes increased by 1492.9% during the study period. Children <2 years old accounted for 44.1% of e-cigarette exposures, 91.6% of cigarette exposures, and 75.4% of other tobacco exposures. Children exposed to e-cigarettes had 5.2 times higher odds of a health care facility admission and 2.6 times higher odds of having a severe outcome than children exposed to cigarettes. One death occurred in association with a nicotine liquid exposure. CONCLUSIONS:The frequency of exposures to e-cigarettes and nicotine liquid among young children is increasing rapidly and severe outcomes are being reported. Swift government action is needed to regulate these products to help prevent child poisoning. Prevention strategies include public education; appropriate product storage and use away from children; warning labels; and modifications of e-cigarette devices, e-liquid, and e-liquid containers and packaging to make them less appealing and less accessible to children.

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Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions: Table 1

Cited by 147 publications

References 5 publications

Fatal Intravenous Injection of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Refilling Solution

Fatal Intravenous Injection of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Refilling Solution

A new challenge: suicide attempt using nicotine fillings for electronic cigarettes

Pediatric Exposure to E-Cigarettes, Nicotine, and Tobacco Products in the United States

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