Variability of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling in the North-Eastern Black Sea in 1979–2016 According to NCEP/CFSR Data

Silvestrova, Ksenia; Myslenkov, Stanislav; Зацепин, А. Г.

doi:10.1007/s00024-018-1955-1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Sampling through the top layer (0-30 m) in the coastal zone of the Black Sea cannot be achieved using Argo floats, because they do not operate in shallow areas [25]. Sensor chains (strings), which are often used in shallow seas [18], are not sufficient for carbon sites, because they are usually limited to temperature and salinity sensors such as those developed by RBR Ltd. (Ottawa, Canada) (https://rbr-global.com/products/standard-loggers/thermistor-strings (accessed on 21 February 2022)), GeoPrecision GmbH (Ettlingen, Germany) (https://www.thermistorstring.com/ (accessed on 21 February 2022)), Aanderaa Data Instruments AS (Bergen, Norway) (https://www.aanderaa.com/productsdetail.php?Aanderaa-SeaGuard-String-31 (accessed on 21 February 2022)), Star Oddi Ltd. (Gardabaer, Iceland) (https://www.staroddi.com/products/submersible-water-sensors/salinity-logger-probe-CTD (accessed on 21 February 2022)), and others. Therefore, specific instruments are required to study the carbon system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The narrow thermocline separated the warm water mass from the near-bottom layer, which was colder than that at 13 °C. In October, strong stratification can be supported by the along-shelf advection of light, warm water from the southeastern part of the sea and upwelling events, which led to the propagation of dense, cold water from the deep part of the sea above the continental slope and over the shelf [18].…”

Section: Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automated Tethered Profiler for Hydrophysical and Bio-Optical Measurements in the Black Sea Carbon Observational Site

Ostrovskii

Emelianov

Kochetov

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Biogeochemical cycles of carbon transformation throughout the euphotic zone of the sea are controlled by physical processes, e.g., daily thermocline, variation in solar irradiance, thermohaline convection, and intermittent mixing. These processes should be regularly observed with sufficient time resolution at fixed geographical locations. This study provides a brief overview of the carbon observational site in the Northeastern Black Sea. The focus is on the design of a new tethered profiler Winchi for the inner continental shelf part of the site. The profiler hull and two outriggers comprise an open trimaran platform that is positively buoyant and tends to maintain a horizontal position in the water. The lower end of the winch wire is secured to the bottom anchor. By unwinding/winding the wire, the profiler ascends/descends while measuring the depth profiles of marine environment parameters ranging from the seafloor to air–sea interface. After surfacing, the profiler determines its location using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and transmits data to (and from) a server on land through the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Initial field tests with the Winchi profiler at the Northeastern Black Sea shelf exhibited promising results. We report these early tests to demonstrate the use of Winchi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Tethered Profiler for Hydrophysical and Bio-Optical Measurements in the Black Sea Carbon Observational Site

Ostrovskii

Emelianov

Kochetov

et al. 2022

JMSE

Self Cite

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“…Such values correspond to the significant downwelling wind forces. In previous studies [74], there have been cases when prolonged winds after the direction change led to a water structure disturbance, faster relaxation of upwelling or downwelling. The maximum amplitude of the temperature decrease was more than 11 • C and was recorded on 15-17 of June 2021.…”

Section: Upwelling Events During Measurement Periodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A difference between the number of Ekman upwelling events in 2020 and in 2021 could be caused by different wind activity. High interannual variability in the Ekman upwelling events (0-8/per year) is common for the north-eastern part of the Black Sea [74]. Additionally, the different location of the station and period of the measurements influenced the number of decreasing temperature events.…”

Section: Upwelling Events During Measurement Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Structure in the Utrish Nature Reserve (Black Sea) during 2020–2021 According to Thermistor Chain Data

Silvestrova

Myslenkov

Puzina

et al. 2023

JMSE

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This paper reports the water temperature structure and associated coastal processes in the NE part of the Black Sea. In situ temperature was measured in the water area of the Utrish Nature Reserve. The thermistor chain was moored in 2020 and included 6–10 temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.025 °C and time step of one minute. The seasonal variations in the water temperature, upwelling events, internal waves and diurnal cycle were analyzed. The maximum value of SST (28.6 °C) was registered in the subsurface layer in August 2021; the minimum (7.7 °C) was registered in March 2022. Estimates of the diurnal temperature cycle were obtained according to spectral analysis. Summer months show the diurnal cycle more than 60% of the time, and the cold period shows it less than 10% of the time. Internal waves appeared in thermocline with periods from 5 min to 20 h. The strongest Ekman upwelling was registered in September 2021. The water temperature dropped from 26 °C to 16 °C in 10 h. Additionally, quality assessments of two hydrodynamic models were made. The models showed a good correlation (0.9) with water temperature measurements, but RMSE could reach 1–1.8 °C for subsurface layers. Temperature variability and its characteristics are an important basis for future coastal ecosystem studies in the Utrish.

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“…Wind-driven upwelling is ubiquitous in the coastal ocean (Kämpf and Chapman, 2016) and in large, enclosed seas (e.g., Silvestrova et al, 2019;Lehmann et al, 2012;Plattner et al, 2006). This process provides an important pathway for vertical nutrient transport into the euphotic zone (Messié and Chavez, 2015) but can also be a source of environmental stress by introducing large-amplitude fluctuations of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pCO 2 , pH and aragonite saturation state near the coast (Chan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-driven upwelling and surface nutrient delivery in a semi-enclosed coastal sea

Moore-Maley

Allen

2022

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. Wind-driven upwelling is an important control on surface nutrients and water properties in stratified lakes and seas. In this study, a high-resolution biophysical coupled model is used to investigate upwelling in the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast. The model is forced with surface winds from a high-resolution atmospheric forecast and has been tuned in previous studies to reproduce extensive observations of water level, temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll with competitive skill relative to similar models of the study region. A total of 5 years of hourly surface nitrate and temperature fields are analyzed in order to characterize the dominant upwelling patterns of the basin. A prevailing along-axis wind pattern steered by mountainous topography produces episodic upwelling along the western shore during the spring and fall southeasterlies and along the eastern shore during the summer northwesterlies, as indicated by positive nitrate anomalies. Principal component analysis reveals that these cross-axis upwelling patterns account for nearly one-third of the surface nitrate variance during the summer productive season. By contrast, nearly half of the surface temperature variance over the same period is dominated by a single, combined mixing and diurnal heating–cooling pattern. The principal components associated with these patterns correlate with along-axis wind stress in a manner consistent with these physical interpretations. The cross-axis upwelling response to wind is similar to other dynamically wide basins where the baroclinic Rossby deformation radius is smaller than the basin width. However, the nitrate anomaly during upwelling along the eastern shore is stronger in the northern basin, which may be indicative of an along-axis pycnocline tilt or an effect of the background along-axis stratification gradient due to the Fraser River. Our findings highlight an important spatiotemporal consideration for future ecosystem monitoring.

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Variability of Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling in the North-Eastern Black Sea in 1979–2016 According to NCEP/CFSR Data

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Automated Tethered Profiler for Hydrophysical and Bio-Optical Measurements in the Black Sea Carbon Observational Site

Automated Tethered Profiler for Hydrophysical and Bio-Optical Measurements in the Black Sea Carbon Observational Site

Water Structure in the Utrish Nature Reserve (Black Sea) during 2020–2021 According to Thermistor Chain Data

Wind-driven upwelling and surface nutrient delivery in a semi-enclosed coastal sea

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