Variability of Urinary Phthalate Metabolite and Bisphenol A Concentrations before and during Pregnancy

Braun, Joe M.; Smith, Kristen; Williams, Paige L.; Calafat, Antònia M.; Berry, Katharine; Ehrlich, Shelley; Hauser, Russ

doi:10.1289/ehp.1104139

Cited by 291 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several studies have reported urinary levels of BPA (Becker et al 2009, Casas et al 2011, Braun et al 2012, Kasper-Sonnenberg et al 2012b, Koch et al 2012, Philippat et al 2012, Frederiksen et al 2013a, 2013b, Lassen et al 2013. Nearly all studies, including different subgroups of populations from both Europe and the USA, reported urinary BPA levels of a similar order of magnitude as observed in our studies.…”

Section: Non-persistent Environmental Chemicals In Danessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In general, levels of MiBP among pregnant women in Europe were higher than in countries outside Europe (Tefre de Renzy-Martin et al 2014) including non-pregnant women in the USA (CDC 2012). All other common phthalate metabolites (MEP, MBzP, SDEHPm, and SDiNPm) were observed at lower levels in Danish pregnant women than in other biomonitoring studies of pregnant women (Braun et al 2012, Tefre de RenzyMartin et al 2014. However, estimated daily exposure levels to the common phthalates and most of the other non-persistent chemicals in Danish pregnant women were similar to levels observed in non-pregnant Danish women (Frederiksen et al 2013b, Tefre de Renzy-Martin et al 2014.…”

Section: Non-persistent Environmental Chemicals In Danesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Hanne Frederiksen: A paper by Braun et al (2012) showed that urinary excretion levels of phthalates and BPA did not differ significantly before pregnancy and during pregnancy. However, the overall variability was compound specific.…”

Section: Discussion From Meetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human urinary excretion of non-persistent environmental chemicals: an overview of Danish data collected between 2006 and 2012

Frederiksen¹,

Jensen²,

Jørgensen³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

193

100

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Several non-persistent industrial chemicals have shown endocrine disrupting effects in animal studies and are suspected to be involved in human reproductive disorders. Among the non-persistent chemicals that have been discussed intensively during the past years are phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and parabens because of their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic effects. Phthalates are plasticizers used in numerous industrial products. Bisphenol A is the main component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Parabens and TCS are antimicrobial preservatives and other phenols such as benzophenone-3 (BP-3) act as a UV-screener, while chlorophenols and phenyl phenols are used as pesticides and fungicides in agriculture. In spite of the widespread use of industrial chemicals, knowledge of exposure sources and human biomonitoring studies among different segments of the population is very limited. In Denmark, we have no survey programs for non-persistent environmental chemicals, unlike some countries such as the USA (NHANES) and Germany (GerES). However, we have analyzed the excretion of seven parabens, nine phenols, and the metabolites of eight different phthalates in urine samples collected over the past 6 years from four Danish cohorts. Here, we present biomonitoring data on more than 3600 Danish children, adolescents, young men, and pregnant women from the general population. Our study shows that nearly all Danes were exposed to the six most common phthalates, to BPA, TCS, and BP-3, and to at least two of the parabens. The exposure to other non-persistent chemicals was also widespread. Our data indicate decreasing excretion of two common phthalates (di-n-butyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) over time.

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Section: Non-persistent Environmental Chemicals In Danessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Non-persistent Environmental Chemicals In Danesmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Human urinary excretion of non-persistent environmental chemicals: an overview of Danish data collected between 2006 and 2012

Frederiksen¹,

Jensen²,

Jørgensen³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

193

100

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“…These in utero effects are likely to also occur in BPA exposed human males. Such evidence has been derived from a recent epidemiological study conducted by Braun et al ( 2012 ), who detected BPA in urine samples of pregnant women, suggesting gestational exposure. Moreover, Miao et al ( 2011a ) demonstrated an association between parental occupational BPA exposure during pregnancy and shortened AGD in male offspring.…”

Section: Effects Of In Utero Exposure To Bisphenol a On Male Reproducmentioning

confidence: 91%

Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Male Reproductive Function

Manfo

Jubendradass

Nantia

et al. 2013

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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BPA is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, resulting mainly from manufacturing,use or disposal of plastics of which it is a component, and the degradation of industrial plastic-related wastes. Growing evidence from research on laboratory animals, wildlife, and humans supports the view that BPA produces an endocrine disrupting effect and adversely affects male reproductive function. To better understand the adverse effects caused by exposure to BPA, we performed an up-to-date literature review on the topic, with particular emphasis on in utero exposure, and associated effects on spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and accessory organs.BPA studies on experimental animals show that effects are generally more detrimental during in utero exposure, a critical developmental stage for the embryo. BPA has been found to produce several defects in the embryo, such as feminization of male fetuses, atrophy of the testes and epididymides, increased prostate size, shortening of AGD, disruption of BTB, and alteration of adult sperm parameters (e.g.,sperm count, motility, and density). BPA also affects embryo thyroid development.During the postnatal and pubertal periods and adulthood, BPA affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis by modulating hormone (e.g., LH and FSH,androgen and estrogen) synthesis, expression and function of respective receptors(ER, AR). These effects alter sperm parameters. BPA also induces oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis, by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes and stimulating lipid peroxidation. This suggests that employing antioxidants may be a promising strategy to relieve BPA-induced disturbances.Epidemiological studies have also provided data indicating that BPA alters male reproductive function in humans. These investigations revealed that men occupationally exposed to BPA had high blood/urinary BPA levels, and abnormal semen parameters. BPA-exposed men also showed reduced libido and erectile ejaculatory difficulties; moreover, the overall BPA effects on male reproduction appear to be more harmful if exposure occurs in utero. The regulation of BPA and BPA-related products should be reinforced, particularly where exposure during the fetal period can occur. The current TDI for BPA is proposed as 25 and 50 1-1g/kg bwt/day (European Food Safety Authority and Health Canada, respectively). Based on the evidence available, we believe that a TDI value of 5 1-1g/kg bwt/day is more appropriate (the endpoint is modulation of rat testicular function). Certain BPA derivatives are being considered as alternatives to BPA. However, certain of these related products display adverse effects that are similar to those of BPA. These effects should be carefully considered before using them as final alternatives to BPA in plastic production.

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“…They threaten intensely reproductive health of human and wildlifes, resulting in the reduction of testosterone level, sperm production and fertility, and change other reproductive parameters (Fisher et al, 2003;Han et al, 2004;Herath et al, 2004;Li et al, 2010). It has been addressed that there is necessity to be evaluated the exposure risks of single or mixture of two or more endocrine disrupters to human and animal health (Tinwell and Ashby, 2004;Brian et al, 2005;Li et al, 2010;Braun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Endocrine Disruptors (NP, DBP and BPA) on Sperm Characteristics and Development of IVF Embryos in Pig

Yuh

Cheong²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science and Technology

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This study was to examine single or combined in vitro effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on boar sperm characteristics, oxidative stress damage in sperm and development of porcine IVF embryos. Addition of various concentration of NP (10, 20, 30μM), DBP (10, 50, 100 μM) and BPA (1, 5 or 10 μg/ml) on boar sperm characteristics such as percentages of sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and mitochondrial activity were dose-dependently decreased within 3, 6 or 9 hr incubation period (p<0.05). The overall detrimental effects increased with incubation time increasement. NP, DBP and BPA showed the detrimental effects on sperm membrane and mitochondria of energy production organelles affecting cell viability with the dependancy of dose and incubation time.In combination effects, NP (10 μM) + DBP (10 μM) significantly decreased boar general sperm characteristics for 3 or 6 hr incubation period compared with control (p<0.05). When both of NP and DBP concentrations (NP; 30 μM, DBP; 100 μM) increase, the detrimental effects on sperm characteristics were larger than those of low concentration combination (p<0.05). The inhibitory effects of NP (30 μM) + BPA (10 μg/ml) on sperm characteristics were larger than those of NP (10 μM) + BPA (1 μg/ml) (p<0.05). DBP (100 μM) + BPA (10 μg/ml) decreased sperm characteristics compared with the low concentration combination (DBP 10 μM + BPA 1 μg/ml, p<0.05). This result indicates the detrimental effects of both chemicals on sperm characteristics were dose dependent. Addition of NP (30 μM) + DBP (100 μM), NP (30 μM) + BPA (10 μg/ml), DBP (10 μM) + BPA (1 μg/ml) or DBP (100 μM) + BPA (10 μg/ml) significantly increased lipid peroxidation for 3 or 6 hr incubation period (p<0.05) compared with no addition control.NP (≥ 20 μM) decreased the percentages of IVF embryo development from morulae and blastocyst stages (p<0.05) and its detrimental effects were dose-dependant. BPA 0, 1, 5 or 10 μg/ml decreased significantly and dose-dependently the percentage of morulae plus and blastocysts (p<0.05). Combinations of DBP (100 μM) plus NP (30 μM) and DBP (100 μM) plus BPA (10 μg/ml) did not affect on morulae and blastocyst development, but NP (30 μM) plus BPA (10 μg/ml) has significant detrimental effect on embryo development at these stages (p<0.05). These overall results indicate that the partial detrimental effects on boar sperm characteristics and embryo development by NP, DBP, BPA or the combination of these chemicals might be due to the increasement of lipid peroxidation and free radical formation in the cell and there were no specific interaction effects on boar sperm and embryo degeneration among the combined treatments.

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Variability of Urinary Phthalate Metabolite and Bisphenol A Concentrations before and during Pregnancy

Cited by 291 publications

References 34 publications

Human urinary excretion of non-persistent environmental chemicals: an overview of Danish data collected between 2006 and 2012

Human urinary excretion of non-persistent environmental chemicals: an overview of Danish data collected between 2006 and 2012

Adverse Effects of Bisphenol A on Male Reproductive Function

Effects of Endocrine Disruptors (NP, DBP and BPA) on Sperm Characteristics and Development of IVF Embryos in Pig

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