Variability of the structure of correlations between the morphological and commercial traits of soybeans with different growth habit and branching characters

Abstract

High yields of seeds, green pods and green biomass is the main goal of soybean breeding in many countries. An assessment of relationships between the productivity traits and their effect on the yield may be useful in developing effective crop cultivation programs. In soybean, the stem growth habit and the branching character are interrelated with plant productivity and in most cases determine it. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the variability of the level (strength) and the structure of correlations between 92 morphological, phenological, biochemical, agronomic traits of soybean accessions with different growth habits, and branching characters in different weather conditions. 270 soybean accessions of different ecological and geographical origin from the VIR collection have been grown in the Krasnodar region within 3 years. Field studies of the traits and biochemical analysis were carried out according to VIR guidelines. The variability of correlation matrices as regards the strength and structure of relationships was analyzed using the correlation and factor analysis (the principal component method), as well as the method developed by N.S. Rostova. A comparison of the level (R 2 , coefficient of determination) and structure of correlations in different years has shown that the deterioration of external conditions is followed by an increase in the strength of relationships (R 2) between the traits and in the difference between correlation matrices' structure. Soybean adaptation to the changing conditions occurs due to the rearrangements of relationship systems, whereas the degree and direction of these changes are determined by the growing conditions and specificity of the accessions response. Under favorable conditions, the structure of correlations in soybeans with different growth habits, and branching characters has more similarity than in the conditions critical for development. The highest level of relationships (R 2) between the traits was observed in the year that was unfavorable for the growth of the semi-cultivated accessions (with the indeterminate growth habit and a large number of branches of the 1st and 2nd order). The green biomass productivity of accessions with the determinate growth habit and more than two branches is most strongly associated with the branch weight, while in accessions with the indeterminate growth habit and with (or without) 1-2 branches it depends on the growing season duration, one leaf weight and the number of leaves per plant. In the semi-cultivated accessions (with the indeterminate growth habit and numerous branches of the 1st and 2nd order), it correlates, besides the listed traits, with the number of nodes, the internode length, the main stem diameter, the weight of leaves, seed morphometric parameters and their quality.

Ecogeographic assessment of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) from the collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR)

“…Эти характеристики позволяют им формировать семена до наступления засухи и при сравнительно низких температурах воздуха. Кроме того, успехи современной селекции выразились в создании сортов маша, у которых продолжительность вегетационного периода сократилась от 100-120 дней до 55-65 (Burlyaeva et al, 2019;Pratar et al, 2019). За счет этого растениям удается избежать влияния целого ряда биотических и абиотических стрессоров.…”

“…Для этого важно выявление закономерностей изменчивости признаков, их связи и значимости их вклада в процесс формирования продуктивности растений в различных условиях среды. Лучшим материалом для изучения структуры взаимосвязей и варьирования признаков являются староместные образцы, отличающиеся высоким разнообразием по морфологическим, биологическим и хозяйственным характеристикам (Burlyaeva et al, 2019). Известно, что искусственный отбор (селекция) вызывает не только сокращение размаха внутрипопуляционной изменчивости у сортов культурных растений, но и снижение пластичности системы взаимосвязей (Rostova, 2002).…”

“…Большинство образцов в коллекции относятся к староместным сортам, собранным в прошлом веке, начиная с 1910 г. (Burlyaeva et al, 2019). Коллекцию систематически изучают в полевых условиях.…”

New promising soybean cultivar Sibiriada

“…С учетом важности сои как пищевой и кормовой культуры высокая урожайность семян, зеленой массы, зеленых бобовосновная цель селекции сои во многих странах [9]. Новый перспективный сорт Сибириада (таблица) является более урожайным, чем стандартный сорт Сибирячка.…”