Variability of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity between the Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Specimens of Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don

Abstract

Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. is a native species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine for treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, cold, cough, asthma, bone pain, and stomach pain. In this study, fresh H. racemosum leaves of male and female specimens were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of male and female essential oil was determined by gas chromatography–gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against five Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and two dermatophytes fungi. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify forty-three compounds that represent more than 98% of the total composition. In the non-polar and polar column, α-phellandrene was the principal constituent in male (28.24 and 25.90%) and female (26.47 and 23.90%) essential oil. Other main compounds were methyl chavicol, germacrene D, methyl eugenol, and α-pinene. Female essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and a scavenging capacity SC50 of 800 µg/mL.

Enantiomeric Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Anticholinesterase Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)

“…The leaves of chirimoya were collected between the months of October and January in the surroundings of the locality of Cango Bajo, canton Calvas, province of Loja, Ecuador, at 1950 m a.s.l. at a latitude of 4°20′34″ S and a longitude of 79°34′24″ W. Collection, store and transfer of chirimoya leaves were performed according to what is described by Valarezo et al [ 35 ]. Botanist Nixon Cumbicus made the identification of the plant material.…”

“…For the quantitative analysis gas chromatograph was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and for qualitative analysis gas chromatograph was coupled to a mass spectrometer (quadrupole) detector (MS) (model Agilent 5973 inert series, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The GC-FID and GC-MS analyses were performed according to the procedure described by Valarezo et al [ 35 ]. The injection of the samples was carried out by an automatic injector (Agilent 7683 automatic liquid sampler, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in split mode.…”

Chemical and Biological Activity Profiling of Hedyosmum strigosum Todzia Essential Oil, an Aromatic Native Shrub from Southern Ecuador

“…This family is composed mainly of lowering plants (angiosperms) and is considered one of the most primitive of its type [ 1 ]. The Chloranthaceae family consists of herbs, shrubs and trees, the species are characterized by the presence of secretory cells in the stems and leaves [ 2 ]. The family comprises 80 species belonging to the Ascarina (12 accepted species), Chloranthus (20 accepted species), Hedyosmum (44 accepted species) and Sarcandra genera (4 accepted species) [ 3 ].…”

“…Some members of this genus have been reported to possess antispasmodic and digestive effects, and also, they were reported for the treatment of kidney problems and anxious stomach. In addition, folk medicine report traditional uses such as, headaches, snake bites, rheumatic joint pain, fever, and cold symptoms [ 2 , 18 ].…”

“…The importance of the family and the genus, and the fact that only four species of this genus have been studied in Ecuador ( H. luteynii [ 14 ], H . racemosum [ 2 ], H . scabrum [ 17 ] and H .…”