Variability of Sugar Content in Seed of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and G. soja Sieb. and Zucc.1

Hymowitz, T.; Collins, F. I.

doi:10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600020017x

Cited by 72 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Soybean seed contain about 42% protein and 19.5% oil [1], 33% carbohydrates [2][3][4], and from 1161 to 3309 µg·g −1 isoflavones [4,5]. Soybean seed contain five main fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean seed contain five main fatty acids. Two are saturated fatty acids (palmitic, C16:0, ranging from 10% to 12%; stearic, C18:0, ranging from 2.2% to 7.2%), and three are unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, C18:1, about 24%; linoleic, C18:2, about 54%; linolenic, C18:3, about 8.0%) [2,6,7]. High oleic acid and low linoleic and linolenic acids are desirable because they contribute to oil stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Bellaloui¹,

Yin²,

Mengistu³

et al. 2013

AJPS

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Previous research has shown that the effect of potassium fertilizer on soybean ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition (protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones) is still largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of potassium application on seed protein, oil, fatty acids, and isoflavones under Midsouth environmental conditions. A three-year experiment was conducted in two locations (Milan, TN and Jackson, TN). Potassium (K) rates were applied in the form of K 2 O at a rate of 0 (Control, C), 45 (T1), 90 (T2), 134 (T3), and 179 (T4) kg·ha −1 in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that increasing the K application rate did not result in consistent effects on yield. However, increasing K application rate did increase protein, oleic acid, and individual and total isoflavone concentrations at both locations in 2008 and 2009. In Jackson in 2010, the increase of K rate did not change oleic acid, but resulted in an increase in glycitein and genistein isoflavone concentrations. In 2010, increasing K application rate increased protein concentrations, decreased individual and total isoflavones, and did not change oleic acid concentration at Milan. At the highest rate of K, 179 kg·ha −1 , yield and some seed composition constituents were negatively impacted. Generally, K concentration in leaves at V5, R1, R3, and seed at harvest maturity stage (R8) increased with the increase of K rate applications. The research demonstrated that K application can alter seed composition, but this alteration depended on location, environmental stress factors, mainly heat and drought, K level in soil, and K application rate. Higher rates of K application may negatively impact seed composition constituents.

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“…Soybean seed contain about 42% protein and 19.5% oil [1], 33% carbohydrates [2][3][4], and from 1161 to 3309 µg·g −1 isoflavones [4,5]. Soybean seed contain five main fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Bellaloui¹,

Yin²,

Mengistu³

et al. 2013

AJPS

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show abstract

“…Soybean seeds contain about 42% protein and 19.5% of oil [1], 33% carbohydrates [2,3], and essential minerals [4]. Soybean seeds contain saturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid (C16:0) (10% to 12%) and stearic acid (C18:0) (2.2% to 7.2%), and unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:1) (24%), linoleic acid (C18:2) (54%), and linolenic acid (C18:3) (8.0%) [2,5]. One of the benefits of soybean seed is that it contains secondary natural metabolite compounds, including phenolic acid, lignin, and isoflavones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Seed Phenol, Lignin, and Isoflavones and Sugars Composition Altered by Foliar Boron Application in Soybean under Water Stress

Bellaloui¹

2012

FNS

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Previous research showed that foliar boron (B) application at flowering or seed-fill growth stages altered seed protein, oil, and fatty acids. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of foliar B fertilizer on seed phenolics (phenol, lignin, and isoflavones) and sugars concentrations. A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted on soybean [(Glycine max(L.) Merr.)] under watered and water-stressed conditions. Soybean plants were divided into different sets, and each set was subjected to one of the following treatments: W = plants were watered with no foliar B; WB = plants were watered and received foliar B; WS = plants were water-stressed with no foliar B; WSB = plants were waterstressed and received foliar B. Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg/ha twice at flowering and twice at seed-fill stages. The results showed that total phenol and lignin concentrations were higher in seed collected from water-stressed plants compared with those collected from watered plants whether B was applied or not. The higher total phenol and lignin concentration in seed collected of water-stressed plants may be due to B-deficiency in plant tissues. Application of B resulted in higher concentrations of total seed B and isoflavones under watered and water-stressed plants. Higher cell wall B was higher in water-stressed plants than in watered plants, having an opposite trend to total B. Application of B resulted in higher seed sucrose in watered and water-stressed plants, but raffinose and stachyose were significantly higher under water-stressed plants. The research demonstrated that foliar B fertilizer altered seed phenol, lignin, isoflavones, and sugars, suggesting that B involved in phenolics and sugar metabolism. The higher cell wall B in waterstressed plants than in watered plants supports previous research that B has mainly a structural role. The higher sucrose resulting from foliar B in watered plants is desirable as sucrose contributes to seed quality. The increase of raffinose and stachyose concentrations in seed of water-stressed plants is undesirable as raffinose, and especially stachyose may be involved in water stress/drought tolerance. The current knowledge would help soybean breeders select for higher phenolic compounds and desirable sugars for higher seed qualities under drought conditions.

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“…Greater and Fehr (2000) reported that the mean total sugar content of 23 soybean cultivars grown at 8 Iowa locations in 1998 ranged from 19 to 21.4% on DM basis. The average total sugar contents were 10.6, 7.5 and 5.9%, respectively, in the seeds of G. max, G. gracilis and G. soja (Hymowitz and Collins, 1974). The seeds of G. max had a higher total sugar content, with the highest value being 16.6%.…”

Section: Carbohydrates In Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Development of DDS Based Chirp Signal Generator and X-Band Transmitter-Receiver for Small SAR Sensor

Song¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering

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: Soybean contains a high concentration of carbohydrates that consist mainly of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides. The NSP can be divided into insoluble NSP (mainly cellulose) and soluble NSP (composed mainly of pectic polymers, which are partially soluble in water). Monogastric animals do not have the enzymes to hydrolyze these carbohydrates, and thus their digestion occurs by means of bacterial fermentation. The fermentation of soybean carbohydrates produces short chain fatty acids that can be used as an energy source by animals. The utilization efficiency of the carbohydrates is related to the chemical structure, the level of inclusion in the diet, species and age of the animal. In poultry, soluble NSP can increase digesta viscosity, reduce the digestibility of nutrients and depress growth performance. In growing pigs, these effects, in particular the effect on gut viscosity, are often not so obvious. However, in weaning piglets, it is reported that soy oligosaccharides and soluble NSP can cause detrimental effects on intestinal health. In monogastrics, consideration must be given to the anti-nutritive effect of the NSP on nutrient digestion and absorption on one hand, as well as the potential benefits or detriments of intestinal fermentation products to the host. This mirrors the needs for i) increasing efficiency of utilization of fibrous materials in monogastrics, and ii) the maintenance and improvement of animal health in antibiotic-free production systems, on the other hand. For example, ethanol/water extraction removes the low molecular weight carbohydrate fractions, such as the oligosaccharides and part of the soluble pectins, leaving behind the insoluble fraction of the NSP, which is devoid of anti-nutritive activities. The resultant product is a high quality soy protein concentrate. This paper presents the composition and chemical structures of carbohydrates present in soybeans and discusses their nutritive and anti-nutritive effects on digestion and absorption of nutrients in pigs and poultry.

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Variability of Sugar Content in Seed of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and G. soja Sieb. and Zucc.¹

Cited by 72 publications

References 2 publications

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Soybean Seed Protein, Oil, Fatty Acids, and Isoflavones Altered by Potassium Fertilizer Rates in the Midsouth

Soybean Seed Phenol, Lignin, and Isoflavones and Sugars Composition Altered by Foliar Boron Application in Soybean under Water Stress

A Development of DDS Based Chirp Signal Generator and X-Band Transmitter-Receiver for Small SAR Sensor

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