Variability of sexual organ possession rates and phylogenetic analyses of a parthenogenetic Japanese earthworm, Amynthas vittatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae)

Minamiya, Yukio; Hayakawa, Hiroshi; Ohga, Kyohei; Shimano, Satoshi; Ito, Masamichi; Fukuda, Tatsuya

doi:10.1266/ggs.86.27

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, lineage A was at the terminal node too. Additionally, the time of divergence for lineage A (0.48 Ma; 95%: 0.22-0.53 Ma) was later than for lineage B (0.72 Ma; 95%: 0.29-1.47 Ma), indicating that these unisexual forms did indeed arise from sexual congeners, which was in accordance with previous findings [28,53,77].…”

Section: Parthenogenesis and The Demographic And Dispersal Of A Triasupporting

confidence: 91%

Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus

Dong

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaete: Megascolecidae) is a widely distributed endemic species in Southern China. To shed light on the population genetic diversity and to elucidate the population differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus, a population genetic structure study was undertaken based on samples from 35 locations collected from 2010 to 2016. Two exclusive lineages within A. triastriatus—lineage A and lineage B—were revealed. Lineage A was mainly distributed at high altitudes while lineage B was mainly distributed at low altitudes in Southeast China. The genetic diversity indices indicated that the populations of A. triastriatus had a strong genetic structure and distinct dispersal histories underlying the haplogroups observed in this study. Combined with morphological differences, these results indicated a new cryptic subspecies of A. triastriatus. Lineage A was almost degenerated to parthenogenesis and lineage B had a trend to parthenogenesis, which suggested that parthenogenesis could be an internal factor that influenced the differentiation and dispersal of A. triastriatus. The divergence time estimates showed that A. triastriatus originated around Guangxi and Guangdong provinces and generated into two main lineages 2.97 Ma (95%: 2.17–3.15 Ma) at the time of Quaternary glaciation (2.58 Ma), which suggested that the Quaternary glaciation may have been one of main factors that promoted the colonization of A. triastriatus.

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Section: Parthenogenesis and The Demographic And Dispersal Of A Triasupporting

confidence: 91%

Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus

Dong

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…22) Therefore, we used an internationally recognized method to analyze the COI region. [22][23][24] Phylogenetic analysis showed that all three strains differed to one another (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Characterization Of Earthworms By Morphological and Phylogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of two endoglucanases for the classification of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida Waki

Akazawa

Ikarashi

Yarimizu

et al. 2016

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei are vermicomposting species that are used as model animals for testing chemical material toxicology. Eisenia spp. are grown commercially in various fields in Japan. However, these two species have not been classified because it is difficult to distinguish them morphologically; thus, all bred earthworms are called E. fetida. However, it has been proposed that these two species have different expression regulation mechanisms. Here, we classified a sample of earthworms purchased from several farms, confirming that both E. fetida and E. andrei are present in Japanese earthworm breeding programs. We also characterized two highly active endoglucanases (EfEG1 and EfEG2) from the E. fetida Waki strain, which contained strong fibrinolytic enzymes for improving human health. We confirmed that EfEG1 is 1371 bp long and belongs to GHF9. Thus, E. fetida Waki may have commercial application for biomass utilization and as a dietary health supplement.

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“…Two major explanations suggested for the low level of polymorphism in A. icterica were the occurrence of recent population bottlenecks and/or recurrent inbreeding due to reproduction between relatives. In addition, parthenogenesis could be possibly another cause, as there are some parthenogenetic species reported in the Megascolecidae (Díaz Cosín et al, 2011, Minamiya et al, 2011, the family to which Pontodrilus belongs. In contrast, a low genetic distance has also been reported in Thai terrestrial earthworms, where Prasankok et al (2013) reported that Metaphire peguana had a high degree of gene flow (allozyme and mtCOI) between populations across the different geographic regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and systematics of earthworm genus Pontodrilus Perrier, 1874 in Thailand

Seesamut

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A taxonomic study of the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus Perrier, 1874 was critically conducted based on material collected from marine sandy coasts along the east and west sides of the Thai-Malay Peninsula (Thailand and Malaysia) and selected localities in Japan. Comparative material from other parts of Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, were also collected. Morphological examination identified almost all of the specimens as Pontodrilus litoralis, but as two morphotypes with some character differences in the diverticulum between them. A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses supported one of these morphotypes as a new species, P. longissimus. Statistical inference on morphometric data revealed significantly different size variations in the body length and diameter among the 14 populations of P. litoralis from Southeast Asia and Japan. One-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference in the body length and diameter among specimens from the different geographical sites. However, this distinction was not congruent with the phylogenetic relationship based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOI) gene sequence analysis. In addition, molecular analysis of 136 samples of P. longissimus using the 658 bp DNA fragment of COI revealed that the most frequent haplotype was present in four populations from the Andaman Sea, with a greater degree of genetic variation than in the Gulf of Thailand (GOT) clade. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and haplotype network analyses clearly showed that there were two geographically isolated populations of the P. longissimus lineages, one restricted to the GOT and the other to the Andaman Sea. The divergence and distribution of the worms are probably restricted by tidal circulation patterns around the peninsula and vicinities.

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Variability of sexual organ possession rates and phylogenetic analyses of a parthenogenetic Japanese earthworm, Amynthas vittatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus

Population Genetic Structure Reveals Two Lineages of Amynthas triastriatus (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) in China, with Notes on a New Subspecies of Amynthas triastriatus

Characterization of two endoglucanases for the classification of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida Waki

Taxonomy and systematics of earthworm genus Pontodrilus Perrier, 1874 in Thailand

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