Variability of Morphological and Agronomical Characteristics  of Centella asiatica in Thailand

Chachai, Namfon; Pensuriya, Banthita; Pinsuntiae, Techita; Pratubkong, Phattra; Mungngam, Janya; Nitmee, Pongsakorn; Kaewsri, Pongsak; Wongsatchanan, S.; Jindajia, Rewat; Triboun, Promote; Sreesaeng, Jakkrit

doi:10.48048/tis.2021.502

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Tiny, white or red flowers appear in the axils of the leaves, arranged in groups of two to five into an umbel. The fruit is spherical and has raised ribs [ 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Specific Nootropic Herb Shrub and Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Malík

Tlustos

2023

Plants

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Plant-based nootropics are a diverse group of natural drugs that can improve cognitive abilities through various physiological mechanisms, especially in cases where these functions are weakened or impaired. In many cases, the nootropics enhance erythrocyte plasticity and inhibit aggregation, which improves the blood’s rheological properties and increases its flow to the brain. Many of these formulations possess antioxidant activity that protects brain tissue from neurotoxicity and improves the brain’s oxygen supply. They can induce the synthesis of neuronal proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids for constructing and repairing neurohormonal membranes. These natural compounds can potentially be present in a great variety of herbs, shrubs, and even some trees and vines. The plant species reviewed here were selected based on the availability of verifiable experimental data and clinical trials investigating potential nootropic effects. Original research articles, relevant animal studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and clinical trials were included in this review. Selected representatives of this heterogeneous group included Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim., Ginkgo biloba L., Lepidium meyenii Walp., Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Paullinia cupana Kunth, Rhodiola rosea L., Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. The species are depicted and described, together with their active components and nootropic effects, and evidence of their efficacy is presented. The study provides brief descriptions of the representative species, their occurrence, history, and the chemical composition of the principle medicinal compounds, with uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosages, possible side effects, and contraindications. Most plant nootropics must be taken at optimal doses for extended periods before measurable improvement occurs, but they are generally very well tolerated. Their psychoactive properties are not produced by a single molecule but by a synergistic combination of several compounds. The available data suggest that including extracts from these plants in medicinal products to treat cognitive disorders can have substantial potential therapeutic benefits.

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“…Tiny, white or red flowers appear in the axils of the leaves, arranged in groups of two to five into an umbel. The fruit is spherical and has raised ribs [ 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Specific Nootropic Herb Shrub and Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Malík

Tlustos

2023

Plants

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“…A study conducted by Nav et al (2021) showed that C. asitica in Iran has variations in morphology and secondary metabolites content that are recognizable as ecotypes. Other studies indicated the existence of intraspecific morphological variation were reported from different countries, including Prasad et al (2014) who mentioned two morphotypes in India, and Chachai et al (2021) who reported intraspecies variation of C. asiatica in Thailand. The occurrence of different morphotypes and ecotypes in this species underlies the need to study intraspecies variation in C. asiatica using molecular markers to assess the genotypic diversity in this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short Communication: Analysis of simple sequence repeats variations for the assessment of genotypic diversity in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

MARUZY,

SUSANDARINI

2024

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Maruzy A, Susandarini R. 2024. Short Communication: Analysis of simple sequence repeats variations for the assessment of genotypic diversity in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Biodiversitas 25: 734-740. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is a perennial plant widely known as herbal ingredient in traditional and modern medicine, as well as in the cosmetics industry. This herbaceous species grows in various types of habitat, and is known for its morphological variations among populations, indicating the existence of genotypic variation. In this study, the assessment of genotypic diversity using simple sequence repeats (SSR) was carried out on C. asiatica accessions from 32 populations collected from eight mountains in Central Java. Representative individuals from four populations grow at different altitudes were sampled in each mountain. Amplification of genomic DNA using the SSR primer mCaCIR002 produced a single amplicon of 180 bp. The results of SSR analysis showed that there is high genotypic diversity in C. asiatica which is characterized by variations in the number of microsatellite repeats of (CT)10 to (CT)19. Variations in the number of repeats are mainly caused by insertions and deletions in DNA sequences at the positions 102-145. Haplotype analysis also showed high genetic diversity within and between populations of C. asiatica, indicated by the haplotype diversity of 1.00 in all populations. The haplotype network analysis indicated that there was no gene flow between the four populations at each mountain where C. asiatica populations grow. The results of this study provide evidence for the role of SSR as a suitable molecular marker for studying genotypic diversity at the intraspecific level, and confirming the morphological variability in this species.

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“…Research on C. asiatica by Sudhakaran (2017) for the purpose of identifying diagnostic characters showed that leaf shape, leaf margin, enlargement at the base of petiole, stolon length, and stolon color were characters to recognize this species. The characterization study of C.asiatica for determining potential accessions for cultivation as a medicinal plant material was reported by Chachai et al (2021) on 30 accessions from Thailand based on 11 morphological and agronomic characters, which showed that variation between accessions was mainly found in leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, shoot number and stolon number. Variation on leaf margin found in this study as a distinguishing character between clusters align with the report of Chua et al (2022) on characterization of C. asiatica based on a computational analysis on leaf morphology which noted that leaf margin were found to be an easily recognizable character for identification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variability and Phenetic Relationships of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> (L.) Urb. Accessions from Central Java Based on Morphological Characters’

Maruzy,

Susandarini

2024

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is a plant species native to Java and one of the main basic materials in traditional and modern medicine. This study is the first to report the intraspecific variation and taxonomic relationships of C. asiatica accession from natural populations in Central Java. The purpose of this study was to reveal phenotypic variations of C. asiatica populations and to asses phenetic relationships based on morphological characters. Thirty-two accessions of C. asiatica were collected from natural populations from eight mountains in Central Java. Observation on vegetative organs resulted in 25 morphological characters as a basis for assessing phenetic relationships using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Result of cluster analysis showed that the grouping of accessions was not correlated to the localities from where the samples were collected, although there was a tendency that accessions from the same localities grouped in one cluster. The results of this study confirmed the existence of intraspecies morphological variability in C. asiatica which was not affected by geographical aspects. Results of principal component analysis indicated that the grouping of accessions was mainly determined by similarities in petiole color, stolon color, leaf margin, petiole length, stolon length, and leaf color. Given that the characters contributing to the grouping of accessions were mainly qualitative characters, the results indicated a genetic basis underlying phenotypic variations of C. asiatica accession.

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Variability of Morphological and Agronomical Characteristics of Centella asiatica in Thailand

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Nootropic Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees as Potential Cognitive Enhancers

Short Communication: Analysis of simple sequence repeats variations for the assessment of genotypic diversity in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Intraspecific Variability and Phenetic Relationships of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> (L.) Urb. Accessions from Central Java Based on Morphological Characters’

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