Variability of methane emissions from an old landfill over different time‐scales

Rachor, Ingke; Gebert, Julia; Gröngröft, Alexander; Pfeiffer, Eva‐Maria

doi:10.1111/ejss.12004

Cited by 79 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Both flux measurements showed large variability, with CO 2 fluxes ranging from 61.69 to 1,655.43 g m -2 d -1 (coefficient variation -CV = 140.99%), and CH 4 fluxes ranging from 2.77 to 455.95 g m -2 d -1 (CV = 67.04%). These results confirm that the surface emissions in dumps are not uniform, with paths of lower resistance, creating hotspots (AHOUGHALANDARI; CABRAL, 2017b;ALLEN et al, 2019;GONZALEZ-VALENCIA et al, 2016;RACHOR et al, 2013). It is possible that emission areas have a higher air-filled porosity or improved pore connectivity compared to the larger dump area (BIAN et al, 2018b;RACHOR et al, 2013), resulting in preferred pathways for gases.…”

Section: Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

Pinheiro¹,

Cattânio

Imbiriba³

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient. (Online)

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Dumps are important anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, mostly CH 4 . However, few studies on the subject have been carried out in the Amazon region. Several factors affect the production and emission of dumps gases. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variation of CO 2 and CH 4 production in an Amazonian dump and seek the relationship between the relative importance of some environmental factors and the gas fluxes. This study was carried out in an open-air dump in the metropolitan region of Belém, where approximately 11.0 million Mg of waste was deposited within 25 years, of which 6.4 million Mg were organic. The CH 4 and CO 2 emission rates from the surface of the dump were determined using the closed dynamic flux chamber technique. The study was conducted in three cells of different ages, sampled in two times between the rainy and the dry season in Amazon. The Aurá dump has an area of 30 ha and emits a total of 51.49 Mg CO 2 ha -1 month -1 and 3.16 Mg CH 4 ha -1 month -1 to the atmosphere. This results in an expressive production of 1,359,961.04 Mg CO 2 -e y -1 , being that 58.54% is due to CH 4 flux. The spatial variability in CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes is very large, especially for CH 4 , forming hotspots of high concentrations. Perhaps for this reason, the flow has not been correlated with micrometeorological variations.

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Section: Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 54%

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

Pinheiro¹,

Cattânio

Imbiriba³

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Ambient. (Online)

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“…at the edge of a side slope or through cracks in the cap. This is a common issue at landfill sites and highly variable emissions from these hotspots have been reported (Di Trapani et al, 2013;Rachor et al, 2013;Gonzalez-Valencia et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These emissions are directly adjacent to the emissions from the active site and are thereby also detected by the FTIR for wind coming from the south to southwest. The emission strength compared to the active site is unknown and can be expected to be highly variable (Rachor et al, 2013). To take these into account, a second CFD run for the described area as emission source was set up.…”

Section: Inclusion Of An Additional Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At most landfill sites so-called hotspots, e.g. cracks and leaks in the cover, are present, which emit much higher concentrations than the surrounding areas and have a high temporal variability (Rachor et al, 2013). To reduce uncertainty in landfill site emissions and the underrepresentation of emissions from operating areas, further accurate observations are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, no site-wide flux measurement approach has been fully validated, and a great effort is going into establishing the most appropriate sampling approaches and measurement technologies. As a result of their simplicity, chamber measurements are commonly used (Bogner et al, 1995;Czepiel et al, 1996;Börjesson et al, 2000;Christophersen et al, 2001;Schroth et al, 2012;Rachor et al, 2013). For this method, static or dynamic flux chambers are placed in different locations on the landfill site and are sealed to avoid air exchange with the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Globally, the waste sector contributes to nearly a fifth of anthropogenic methane emitted to the atmosphere and is the second largest source of methane in the UK. In recent years great improvements to reduce those emissions have been achieved by the installation of methane recovery systems at landfill sites, and subsequently methane emissions reported in national emission inventories have been reduced. Nevertheless, methane emissions of landfills remain uncertain and quantification of emission fluxes is essential to verify reported emission inventories and to monitor changes in emissions. Here we present a new approach for methane emission quantification from a complex source such as a landfill site by applying a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to calibrated in situ measurements of methane as part of a field campaign at a landfill site near Ipswich, UK, in August 2014. The methane distribution for different meteorological scenarios is calculated with the CFD model and compared to methane mole fractions measured by an in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer downwind of the prevailing wind direction. Assuming emissions only from the active site, a mean daytime flux of 0.83 mg m −2 s −1 , corresponding to a spatially integrated emission of 53.3 kg h −1 , was estimated. The addition of a secondary source area adjacent to the active site, where some methane hotspots were observed, improved the agreement between the simulated and measured methane distribution. As a result, the flux from the active site was reduced slightly to 0.71 mg m −2 s −1 (45.6 kg h −1 ), and at the same time an additional flux of 0.32 mg m −2 s −1 (30.4 kg h −1 ) was found from the secondary source area. This highlights the capability of our method to distinguish between different emission areas of the landfill site, which can provide more detailed information about emission source apportionment compared to other methods deriving bulk emissions.

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Annual fluctuation of gas concentration within the landfill surface layer in a tropical climate: A case study of a municipal wasteyard

Herath,

Buddhima,

Gunathilake

et al. 2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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This study looks at the annual variations in landfill gas concentrations within the surface layer of the dump as well as the effect of climatic factors on these variations under the tropical climate. The experiment was carried out at part of the Karadiyana landfill, Sri Lanka, containing old mixed municipal solid waste covered by vegetation. The gas concentrations of the landfill surface layer were measured from three gas wells established on the dump surface layer, which contains 2.5 m depth, throughout the year with the measuring of climatic factors. The results show the annual fluctuation of temperature, cumulative rainfall, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were 27–42°C, 66.7–357.7 mm, 24.7%–78.2%, and 999.5–1014 mbar around the studied landfill area, and the average concentration value of the CH4, NH3, H2S, and VOCs gases were 18.94 ± 11.49%, 15.48 ± 15.17 mg m−3, 15.06 ± 19.02 mg m−3, and 0.83 ± 0.99 mg m−3, respectively. The rainfall and atmospheric temperature were significant metrological factors influencing the surface layer gas concentrations and showed a significant positive correlation with cumulative rainfall and a negative correlation with atmospheric temperature. The relative humidity shows a moderate positive correlation, and there was no evidence of a considerable impact of atmospheric pressure on the surface layer concentrations. Annual fluctuation is a critical factor for landfill gas emission quantification, and surface layer concentration variation can be used to study the emission fluctuation by considering their relationship.

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Variability of methane emissions from an old landfill over different time‐scales

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements

Annual fluctuation of gas concentration within the landfill surface layer in a tropical climate: A case study of a municipal wasteyard

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Variability of methane emissions from an old landfill over different time‐scales

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

Medidas De Fluxo De Dióxido De Carbono E Metano Em Um Depósito De Resíduos Insalubre Na Amazônia

CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements

Annual fluctuation of gas concentration within the landfill surface layer in a tropical climate: A case study of a municipal wasteyard

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CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements