Variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O strains isolated from Cameroonian patients living in France

Loussert-Ajaka, Ibtissam; Chaix, Marie Laure; Korber, Bette T.; Letourneur, Franck; Gomas, Emmanuel; Allen, Ethan P.; Ly, Thoai Duong; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise; Simon, François; Saragosti, Sentob

doi:10.1128/jvi.69.9.5640-5649.1995

Cited by 123 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Human immunode®ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterised by a high degree of genetic variability, which has given rise to lift groups [Saag et al, 1988]. This high divergence has triggered failure to recognise infection caused by different variants, such as HIV-1 group O strains, using assays based on HIV-1 subtype B [Eberle et al, 1997;Loussert-Ajaka et al, 1995]. The optimal management of HIV-1 disease requires accurate quantitation of viral RNA concentrations in plasma, but the current HIV-1 RNA assays are not suitable for the detection and quantitation of group O specimens [Gobbers et al, 1997;Segondy et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 group O infected patients using two new RT‐PCR assays

Mendoza

Lü

Machuca

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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Failure to recognise infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group O variants has been described using both serological and genetic procedures. Moreover, monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy is a difficult task in patients infected with HIV-1 group O since commercial tests are not available so far for the quantitation of this virus. In this study, the virological response to antiretroviral therapy were assessed in five HIV-1 group O-infected patients living in Spain by using two new and different RT-PCR methods (MUPROVAMA and LCx). Twenty-four plasma samples belonging to these five patients were selected. As reference, p24 antigenaemia levels and CD4+ cell counts were used. All samples yielded positive viral load values using MUPROVAMA (range: 138 to 595,500 HIV-RNA copies/ml) and 23 of 24 using LCx (range: < 178 to 98,356 HIV-RNA copies/ml). Overall, the results obtained using both assays showed a good correlation among themselves, and in respect to p24 antigenaemia and CD4+ cell counts. However, the values provided by LCx were significantly lower (0.33 logs on average) than those provided by MUPROVAMA. In conclusion, both the highly sensitive MUPROVAMA and LCx Quantitative assays might represent an useful tool for guiding the decision on when start treatment and for monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 group O-infected patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 group O infected patients using two new RT‐PCR assays

Mendoza

Lü

Machuca

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…To evaluate the extent of global HIV-1 variation, sequences of virus strains originating from numerous countries have been compared (1, 3-5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 19, 20, 22, 23, 29-35, 41, 43, 47, 52-54, 58, 59, 67, 69, 74, 76, 81, 87, 100). These studies have shown that HIV-1 can be classified into two major groups, designated M and O, which are defined as distinct clusters on phylogenetic trees (52,70,90,91). Group M comprises the great majority of HIV-1 isolates and can be further subdivided into at least nine sequence subtypes or clades, des-ignated A to I (41,53,54,70,90).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group M comprises the great majority of HIV-1 isolates and can be further subdivided into at least nine sequence subtypes or clades, des-ignated A to I (41,53,54,70,90). Group O has been discovered only recently and thus far includes only a small number of viruses from Cameroon and Gabon (8,23,52,97). Both groups are characterized by considerable sequence diversity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and analysis of functional envelope genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G. The WHO and NIAID Networks for HIV Isolation and Characterization

Gao

Morrison

Robertson

et al. 1996

J Virol

267

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Present knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope immunobiology has been derived almost exclusively from analyses of subtype B viruses, yet such viruses represent only a minority of strains currently spreading worldwide. To generate a more representative panel of genetically diverse envelope genes, we PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced complete gp160 coding regions of 35 primary (peripheral blood mononuclear cell-propagated) HIV-1 isolates collected at major epicenters of the current AIDS pandemic. Analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences revealed several important differences from prototypic subtype B strains, including changes in the number and distribution of cysteine residues, substantial length differences in hypervariable regions, and premature truncations in the gp41 domain. Moreover, transiently expressed glycoprotein precursor molecules varied considerably in both size and carbohydrate content. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length env sequences indicated that the panel included members of all major sequence subtypes of HIV-1 group M (clades A to G), as well as an intersubtype recombinant (F/B) from an infected individual in Brazil. In addition, all subtype E and three subtype G viruses initially classified on the basis of partial env sequences were found to cluster in subtype A in the 3 half of their gp41 coding region, suggesting that they are also recombinant. The biological activity of PCR-derived env genes was examined in a singleround virus infectivity assay. This analysis identified 20 clones, including 1 from each subtype (or recombinant), which expressed fully functional envelope glycoproteins. One of these, derived from a patient with rapid CD4 cell decline, contained an amino acid substitution in a highly conserved endocytosis signal (Y721C), as well as a premature truncation of its gp41 domain, which lacked 17 amino acids. Several other env constructs mediated virus entry with very poor efficiency, although they did not contain sequence changes predicted to alter protein function. These results indicate that the env genes of primary HIV-1 isolates collected worldwide can vary considerably in their genetic, phylogenetic, and biological properties. The panel of env constructs described here should prove valuable for future structure-function studies of naturally occurring envelope glycoproteins as well as AIDS vaccine development efforts targeted against a broader spectrum of viruses.

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“…The O (Outlier) group and the N (Non-M/Non-O) group are seldomly found. Both the O and N groups have high genetic diversity from the M group [Charneau et al, 1994;Gurtler et al, 1994;Vanden Haesevelde et al, 1994;Loussert-Ajaka et al, 1995;Simon et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of HIV-1 subtypes (A-D, F, G, CRF01_AE) by PCR in the transmembrane region (gp41) with novel primers

et al. 2005

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HIV-1 has a huge genetic diversity. So far, nine subtypes have been isolated, namely, subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, and K. Epidemiological study provides information which may help in the development of HIV-1 prevention programs or health policies. In the future, subtyping may also be critical for vaccine development, and an effective anti-viral drug will need to be effective for different subtypes of HIV virus. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the v3 region is considered the most reliable method for determining the HIV-1 subtype. However, the procedures for determining the v3 sequences are complicated and time consuming, requiring expensive reagents, equipment, and well-trained personnel. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using subtype-specific primers for HIV-1 subtyping is easier and faster. The objective of this study was to develop subtype-specific primers for subtyping PCR. The specific primers were designed for subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G, and CRF01_AE, and these primers could be applied to assay for various HIV-1 subtypes in the clinical samples. The specific primers were designed for each subtypes in the gp41 region. The result of PCR was compared with the subtypes which was determined by the v3 sequence. The results of subtyping by PCR using the newly designed primers could detect 29 of 33 patients tested, and all matched those obtained by nucleotide sequencing of the env v3 region except for three subjects, which were differentiated as CRF02_AG. The newly designed primers functioned accurately and conclusively. In comparison with PCR as a method for the determination of subtypes, sequence analysis requires better-trained personnel, more expensive reagents, and more equipment and time.

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Variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O strains isolated from Cameroonian patients living in France

Cited by 123 publications

References 61 publications

Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 group O infected patients using two new RT‐PCR assays

Monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 group O infected patients using two new RT‐PCR assays

Molecular cloning and analysis of functional envelope genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G. The WHO and NIAID Networks for HIV Isolation and Characterization

Determination of HIV-1 subtypes (A-D, F, G, CRF01_AE) by PCR in the transmembrane region (gp41) with novel primers

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