Variability of Fungal Rhizosphere and Its Role as Antagonist Agents of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt Disease in Crysanthenum sp.

Abstract

ABSTRAKInfeksi virus merupakan salah satu kendala produksi kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeteksi infeksi virus pada beberapa pertanaman kedelai di Jawa. Sampel daun diambil secara acak sebanyak 50 tanaman dari tiap lokasi pertanaman kedelai di Bogor, Cirebon, Bantul, dan Ponorogo. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap gejala yang ditemukan di lapangan dan insidensi penyakit ditentukan secara serologi menggunakan antibodi Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), dan Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Insidensi CMV, SMV, dan CPMMV berturut-turut berkisar 72-84%, 14-24%, dan 6-8%; sedangkan infeksi BPMV tidak ditemukan. Pita DNA spesifik CMV, Potyvirus, dan Geminivirus berhasil diamplifikasi berturut-turut menggunakan primer spesifik gen protein selubung CMV, primer universal Potyvirus dan Geminivirus. Hasil sikuensing menunjukkan bahwa homologi CMV tertinggi adalah terhadap CMV galur S asal Bogor (99%), homologi Potyvirus tertinggi terhadap BCMV isolat kacang hijau asal Cina dan galur Blackeye asal Vietnam (90%), dan homologi Geminivirus tertinggi terhadap Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) asal Bogor dan Jawa (96%). Analisis filogenetika menunjukkan bahwa CMV-S berada dalam satu kelompok dan terpisah dari CMV galur lainnya. BCMV pada kedelai dalam penelitian ini membentuk kelompok terpisah dari BCMV asal negara lain, sedangkan PYLCV isolat kedelai membentuk satu kelompok dengan PYLCV Bogor dan Jawa. Kata kunci: Cucumber mosaic virus, Soybean mosaic virus, Cowpea mild mottle virus, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus ABSTRACTVirus infection is an important production constraint for soybean. Research was conducted to detect virus infection from soybean samples collected from several locations in Java. Leave samples from 50 plants was taken randomly from each location in Bogor, Cirebon, Bantul, and Ponorogo. Field symptoms was observed and disease incidence was determined based on serological assay using specific antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Incidence of CMV, SMV, and CPMMV was 72-84%, 14-24%, and 6-8%, respectively; whereas infection of BPMV was not found. Specific viral DNA of CMV, Potyvirus, and Geminivirus was successfully amplified using specific primer for CMV coat protein, universal primer for Potyvirus and Geminivirus, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that isolate CMV from soybean has the highest homology (99%) to CMV strain S, Potyvirus isolates has the highest homology (90%) to BCMV isolate Mungbean from China and BCMV strain Blackeye from Vietnam, and Geminivirus isolates has the highest homology (96%) to Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) from Bogor and Java. Phyllogenetic analysis showed that CMV strain S formed

Entomopathogenic infection ability of low land rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation from Ogan Komering Ilir regency

“…Entomopathogenic fungi have over 100 genera and 750 species with a wide host range 8 . Several soil-derived, including Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Trichoderma 12 , Aschersonia, Aspergillus sp, Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps, Fusarium sp, Hypocrella, Metharizium sp, Ophiocordyceps, Penicilliumsp [13][14][15][16][17] . Efforts to exploit the ability of entomopathogenic fungi to parasitize their hosts can use bait insects 8 .…”

Seed-transmission of Cowpea mild mottle virus on several varieties of soybean in Indonesia

“…Virus infection on soybeans have the potential to cause yield loss and reduce the quality of seeds. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) (Andayanie 2012), Cucumber mosaic virus strain soybean (CMV-S) and Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) (Rahim et al 2015) were reported recently infecting soybean plants in Java. Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) was first reported to cause systemic mottling, chlorotic blotches and leaf malformations in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in 1973 and to be widespread in the Eastern Region of Ghana, West Africa.…”

The Potency of Trichoderma sp. as A Biocontrol Agent against Fusarium sp. Pathogen of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Tuber

“…A population of microorganisms in the rhizosphere is usually more numerous and diverse than in the non-rhizosphere soil [15]. They can be beneficial to the plant since they suppress or harm the pathogens through the competition for nutrients [16].…”