Variability of Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics Derived From Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images

Linderman, Rachel E; Muthiah, Manickam Nick; Omoba, Sarah B.; Litts, Katie M.; Tarima, Sergey; Visotcky, Alexis; Kim, Judy E.; Carroll, Joseph

doi:10.1167/tvst.7.5.20

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…However, considering the retrospective nature of this study, our results should be treated with caution, and future prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding. Previous studies indicated that FAZ [7] is altered in some vascular-related diseases, such as like diabetic retinopathy [8,9] and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) [10]. FAZ is also correlated with visual acuity in RVO [3] and diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of acute retinal arterial occlusion

Yang

Liu

et al. 2019

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background: To characterize the vascular changes in eyes within the acute phase of retinal arterial occlusion (RAO) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) imaging. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. Nineteen patients with RAO (symptom onset within 7 days) and 19 age and sex-matched normal control individuals were included. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination and OCT-A examination were conducted for all the patients. Results: The vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and area with a width of 300 μm around the FAZ (FD-300) was significantly reduced in RAO patients compared with that in the fellow eyes and normal control eyes. The vessel density of the SCP of RAO fellow eyes was significantly lower than that of the normal control eyes (all P < 0.05). Though no difference was observed in the FAZ of RAO eyes compared with that of fellow eyes and normal control eyes, the acircularity index (AI) of the FAZ was significantly increased in RAO eyes (P < 0.05). Central macular thickness (CMT) was correlated with best-corrected visual acuity in central retinal arterial occlusion (CRAO) patients (r = 0.626, P = 0.024). In BRAO eyes, the vessel density of the RAO-affected hemifield was significantly reduced compared with that of the unaffected hemifield (P < 0.05). Radial peripapillary plexus (RPC) vessel density was reduced, accompanied by retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in 3 available CRAO patients. Conclusions: As a valuable noninvasive imaging tool, OCT-A provides deeper and more detailed vascular information that extends our understanding of the vasculature alterations in acute RAO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of acute retinal arterial occlusion

Yang

Liu

et al. 2019

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…In order to evaluate whether the FAZ morphometry observed in our patients with ACHM differed from normal, we compared their data to a group of 175 previously published patients with no vision pathology. 50 The mean ± SD FAZ area for the control group was 0.280 ± 0.101 mm 2 , which was not significantly different from the patients with ACHM (0.281 ± 0.112 mm 2 ; P = 0.94, Mann-Whitney U test). In contrast, the circularity index of the FAZ in the control group (mean ± SD = 0.682 ± 0.106) was significantly greater than that for the patients with ACHM (0.501 ± 0.093; P < 0.0001, unpaired t-test).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Preservation of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Achromatopsia Despite the Absence of a Fully Formed Pit

Linderman

Georgiou

Woertz

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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To examine the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with congenital achromatopsia (ACHM). METHODS. Forty-two patients with genetically confirmed ACHM were imaged either with Optovue's AngioVue system or Zeiss's Plex Elite 9000, and the presence or absence of a FAZ was determined. For images where a FAZ was present and could be confidently segmented, FAZ area, circularity index, and roundness were measured and compared with previously published normative values. Structural optical coherence tomography images were acquired to assess the degree of foveal hypoplasia (number and thickness of inner retinal layers present at the fovea). RESULTS. A FAZ was present in 31 of 42 patients imaged (74%), although no determination could be made for 11 patients due to poor image quality (26%). The mean ± SD FAZ area for the ACHM retina was 0.281 ± 0.112 mm 2 , which was not significantly different from the previously published normative values (P = 0.94). However, their FAZs had decreased circularity (P < 0.0001) and decreased roundness (P < 0.0001) compared to the normative cohort. In the patients with ACHM examined here, the FAZ area decreased as the number and thickness of the retained inner retinal layers increased. CONCLUSIONS. Our data demonstrate that despite the presence of foveal hypoplasia, patients with ACHM can have a FAZ. This is distinct from other conditions associated with foveal hypoplasia, which generally show an absence of the FAZ. In ACHM, FAZ formation does not appear to be sufficient for complete pit formation, contrary to some models of foveal development.

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“…FAZ evaluation needs cautiousness because of the greater variations among subjects and OCTA limitations. 36,37 We speculated that the FAZ area enlargement was the process of FAZ area increase toward the normal values compared to the FAZ area of the fellow eyes. Despite that, there were still controversies regarding whether the fellow eye could be considered a control for FAZ studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity Recovery After Macular Hole Closure Associated With Foveal Avascular Zone Change

Tsuboi

Fukutomi

Sasajima

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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To evaluate changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area during the postoperative period of macular hole (MH) surgery using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to investigate its relationship to visual acuity (VA). Methods: Consecutive unilateral MH patients who underwent successful MH closure with at least a six-month observation period were studied retrospectively. To evaluate the FAZ area, OCTA images were obtained at the preoperative visit, the first postoperative visit, and the six-month visit. Main outcome measures were postoperative FAZ change and its relationship to VA change after MH closure. Results: Fifty-one cases were studied. The FAZ area was 0.42 ± 0.11 mm 2 at the preoperative visit, 0.25 ± 0.091 mm 2 at the first postoperative visit and 0.31 ± 0.11 mm 2 at the six-month visit. FAZ area at the first postoperative visit was significantly smaller (P < 0.0001) than at the preoperative visit. FAZ area at the six-month visit was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than at the first postoperative visit, but still significantly smaller (P = 0.0002) compared to the normal fellow eye. The postoperative FAZ area enlargement from the first postoperative visit to the six-month visit was significantly correlated with the postoperative VA recovery (P = 0.0322) and the postoperative photoreceptor reconstruction (P = 0.0213). Conclusions: The FAZ area once decreases along with MH closure; it thereafter increases toward the normal value over time. The postoperative FAZ change was correlated with the VA recovery. Translational Relevance: This study suggests that the postoperative FAZ area enlargement might be a potential biomarker indicating foveal reconstruction after MH closure.

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Variability of Foveal Avascular Zone Metrics Derived From Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images

Cited by 43 publications

References 62 publications

Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of acute retinal arterial occlusion

Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of acute retinal arterial occlusion

Preservation of the Foveal Avascular Zone in Achromatopsia Despite the Absence of a Fully Formed Pit

Visual Acuity Recovery After Macular Hole Closure Associated With Foveal Avascular Zone Change

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