Variability of foliage terpenes of Fitzroya cupressoides

Cool, Laurence G.; Power, Ariel B.; Zavarin, Eugene

doi:10.1016/0305-1978(91)90059-9

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…(Cupressaceae) known as "alerce" has been investigated to assess possible changes in composition according to geographic distribution. While the study did not find geographic variability, three different sesquiterpene chemotypes were found [24,25].…”

Section: Percent Diterpene Composition and Collection Time (Month/seacontrasting

confidence: 63%

Seasonal Variation and Resin Composition in the Andean Tree Austrocedrus chilensis

2014

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Abstract:Little is known about the changes in resin composition in South American gymnosperms associated with the different seasons of the year. The diterpene composition of 44 resin samples from seven Austrocedrus chilensis (Cupressaceae) trees, including male and female individuals, was investigated in three different seasons of the year (February, June and November). Twelve main diterpenes were isolated by chromatographic means and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The diterpene composition was submitted to multivariate analysis to find possible associations between chemical composition and season of the year. The principal component analysis showed a clear relation between diterpene composition and season. The most characteristic compounds in resins collected in summer were Z-communic acid (9) and 12-oxo-labda-8(17),13E-dien-19 oic acid methyl ester (10) for male trees and 8(17),12,14-labdatriene (7) for female trees. For the winter samples, a clear correlation of female trees with torulosic acid (6) was observed. In spring, E-communic acid (8) and Z-communic acid (9) were correlated with female trees and 18-hydroxy isopimar-15-ene (1) with male tree resin. A comparison between percent diterpene composition and collection time showed p < 0.05 for isopimara-8(9),15-diene (2), sandaracopimaric acid (4), compound (7) and ferruginol (11).

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Section: Percent Diterpene Composition and Collection Time (Month/seacontrasting

confidence: 63%

Seasonal Variation and Resin Composition in the Andean Tree Austrocedrus chilensis

2014

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“…(Harley et al 1998), is the only example of an attractive oxygenated bark beetle pheromone co-occurring in a conifer. Cool et al (1991) identified ipsdienyl acetate (2-methyl-4-acetoxy-6methylene-octa-2,7-diene) from foliage of the Southern Hemisphere conifer Fitzroya cupressoides. Finally, the fatty acid derivative, conophthorin, which is generally active as an interruptant in the coniferophagous scolytids, has been isolated from two European species of birch (Byers et al 1998) and from four other North American hardwoods (Huber et al 1999).…”

Section: Coniferophagous Scolytid Aggregation Pheromones: Cross-occurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Coniferophagous Bark Beetle Pheromones and Conifer Isoprenoids: Evolutionary Perspective and Synthesis

2000

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In this overview we compare the significance and evolutionary history of two interacting biological systems, the conifer-feeding bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and their host conifers (Gymnospermae: Coniferales and Taxales). Isoprenoid natural products play key roles in the aggregation of the bark beetles and in the defence of the conifers. Our approach is to couple the most recent advances in the biochemical and molecular literature on these systems with ecological and behavioral data to compare monoterpenoid pheromone biosynthesis in scolytids with monoterpene biosynthesis in conifers. This synthesis reveals and evaluates the evolutionary redundancy occurring in the biochemical systems of the insect and host. Although host monoterpenes may be utilized directly or as derivatives in aggregation by scolytids, oxygenated monoterpenes that are behaviorally active for scolytids have been rarely identified from their coniferous hosts. De novo monoterpenoid biosynthesis in the Scolytidae, a process that is likely to be rare among metazoans, is substantially different from monoterpene biosynthesis in the conifers. The pathways appear to be shared only at the late-stage reactions that follow the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate. Little is known of the regulation of monoterpene biosynthesis in conifers, but scolytids positively regulate monoterpenoid biosynthesis using a sesquiterpenoid hormone, juvenile hormone, which does not occur in conifers. Little is known of the subcellular site of synthesis of monoterpenoids in scolytids, but conifer monoterpene biosynthesis is compartmentalized in the plastids, which do not occur in scolytid cells. In addition to bark beetles and conifers, the vertebrate model presents one of the few systems in which isoprenoid synthesis has been studied enough to provide a meaningful comparison. Possible unique features of monoterpenoid pheromone biosynthesis in scolytids relative to isoprenoid biosynthesis in vertebrates include the following: (1) a monoterpenoid end product; (2) a hypothetically scolytid-specific prenyl transferase (= geranyl diphosphate synthase) that catalyzes the condensation of two five-carbon (C5) units, but does not catalyze additional condensation reactions with the C5 monomelic unit; (3) a scolytid-specific monoterpene (myrcene) synthase; and (4) a scolytid-specific, transcriptional-level sesquiterpenoid isoprenoid regulatory mechanism. Features 2 and 3 may be shared with conifers. This review also updates the 1985 landmark scientific paper by John Borden by listing the references and species of coniferophagous Scolytidae for which aggregation pheromones have been identified since 1985.

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“…Although the importance of information on genetic variation for developing conservation strategies for threatened species is widely appreciated (Holsinger & Gottlieb 1991), very few such data are available for Fitzroya . A survey of foliage terpenes indicated no geographical variability in monoterpene composition, but slight variation in distribution of sesquiterpenes (Cool et al . 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation inFitzroya cupressoides(alerce), a threatened South American conifer

et al. 1999

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Fitzroya cupressoides (alerce, Cupressaceae) is a large and exceptionally long-lived conifer, endemic to a restricted area of southern Chile and neighbouring areas of Argentina. As a result of its high economic value, the species has been severely exploited for timber, and remnant populations are fragmented and often highly disturbed. The species is thought to have undergone a major range contraction during the last glaciation. In order to assess the extent of genetic variation using DNA markers within and between populations of this species, samples were obtained from throughout the natural range and analysed for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation. Eight 10-mer and three 15-mer primers were used to produce a total of 54 polymorphic bands. Shannon's diversity estimates were calculated to provide an estimate of the degree of variation within each population. Values varied from 0.343 to 0.636 with only the lowest value differing significantly from the others (Spop = 0.547). This indicated that there is a significant degree of variation within each population, and did not provide evidence for genetic 'bottle-neck' effects within the species. A pairwise distance measure calculated from the RAPD data was used as an input for principal coordinate (PCO) and AMOVA analyses. The first three principal coordinates of RAPD distances described 8.3, 5.9 and 5.4% of the total variance, respectively, and a degree of clustering of samples according to their geographical origin was detectable. AMOVA analysis indicated that although most of the variation (85.6%) was found within populations, a significant proportion (P < 0.002) was attributable to differences between populations. An UPGMA dendrogram constructed using phi ST values derived from AMOVA produced a pattern broadly similar to that produced by the PCO, highlighting differences between three main groups of populations within Chile: those from the northern Coastal Range, the southern Coastal Range and Central Depression, and the Andes. Populations from Argentina also emerged as significantly different from those in Chile. These results are interpreted in the context of the postglacial history of the species, and their implications for the development of conservation strategies for Fitzroya are discussed.

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Variability of foliage terpenes of Fitzroya cupressoides

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Seasonal Variation and Resin Composition in the Andean Tree Austrocedrus chilensis

Seasonal Variation and Resin Composition in the Andean Tree Austrocedrus chilensis

Biosynthesis of Coniferophagous Bark Beetle Pheromones and Conifer Isoprenoids: Evolutionary Perspective and Synthesis

Genetic variation inFitzroya cupressoides(alerce), a threatened South American conifer

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