Variability of Constitutive Stilbenoid Levels and Profiles in Grape Cane (Vitis vinifera L.) Depending upon Variety and Clone, Location in the Vineyard, Pruning Time, and Vintage

Abstract

Stilbenoids in grape cane (Vitis vinifera L.) are bioactive compounds relevant for plant defense and the potential valorization of this byproduct. Our screening of grape cane from 102 varieties showed constitutive stilbenoid levels in a wide range (557−7748 mg/kg of dry weight). Analyses of genetically distinct clones of selected cultivars unraveled that intravarietal variability (e.g., cv. Riesling, 3236−6541 mg/kg) was higher than that across samples from a single clone but different vineyard positions (3017−3710 mg/kg). Furthermore, stilbenoid levels in samples obtained in October, December, and February (3 years, 2017− 2019) showed pronounced quantitative and qualitative variability and the highest yields upon December pruning. For instance, vitisin B and ε-viniferin in cv. Pinot Noir and Accent were predominant in 2017 and 2019 (both >90% of total stilbenoids) but not in 2018 (both <55%) when temperatures were high and precipitation low. In brief, we report the variability of stilbenoid levels in grape cane depending upon genetic and environmental factors.

Background and Perspectives on the Utilization of Canes’ and Bunch Stems’ Residues from Wine Industry as Sources of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

“…Malbec in both matrices. ,, A recent study proved that PC richness was vine variety-dependent, varying by a 4-fold factor for a large collection of European grape cultivars . Some authors reported that stems of red grape varieties had higher content of proanthocyanidins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, and stilbenes than those of white varieties. , In a comprehensive screening of grape canes from 102 varieties, Besrukow et al showed the qualitative and quantitative variability of constitutive stilbenoids. They observed that red grape wine varieties presented in average a little higher concentration of stilbenes.…”

“…In fact, stilbene synthesis in berries caused by gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea ) is favored by moderate humidity conditions, while it is not so much in dry conditions . Besrukow et al reported that the variability of stilbenoids levels in grape cane was affected by environmental factors in the different years of study. Indeed, nearly to 35% less concentration of trans -ε-viniferin in cv .…”

“…Therefore, this is an aspect to be considered carefully when performing such studies. In a recent study, Besrukow et al 35 showed that the variability of stilbenes levels for a single clone of selected cultivars was lower than that observed for genetically distinct selected cv. Pinot Noir and cv.…”

Stilbenoids as Promising Natural Product-Based Solutions in a Race against Mycotoxigenic Fungi: A Comprehensive Review

“…49 Grape canes have been shown to contain high amounts of stilbenoids with total contents of 2.4 to 5.8 g/kg DW, though stilbenoid concentration is highly dependent on the subspecies, the cultivar, the environment, and the pruning time. 47,50,51 A recent study has investigated the abundance of stilbenoids in vine shoots from 23 Italian varieties and described varying contents ranging between 2.7 and 6.4 g/kg. 52 The data gathered in Table 1 also indicate that the distribution of stilbenoids significantly differs between plant tissues.…”

“…For example, in Francethe world’s third largest producer of grapes approximately 1.8 million tons of grape canes and grapevine stocks are estimated to be wasted each year . Grape canes have been shown to contain high amounts of stilbenoids with total contents of 2.4 to 5.8 g/kg DW, though stilbenoid concentration is highly dependent on the subspecies, the cultivar, the environment, and the pruning time. ,, A recent study has investigated the abundance of stilbenoids in vine shoots from 23 Italian varieties and described varying contents ranging between 2.7 and 6.4 g/kg . The data gathered in Table also indicate that the distribution of stilbenoids significantly differs between plant tissues. − A noteworthy discovery by Gabaston et al was that the degree of oligomerization of stilbenoids progressively increased from upper to underground parts of grapevine plants (Figure ).…”