Variability of Biomechanical Parameters in the Triple Jump Technique – A Case Study

Čoh, Milan; Kugovnik, Otmar

doi:10.5550/sgia.110702.en.113c

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It has been demonstrated that there is a significant positive relationship between and horizontal velocity during sprint running [01,10,15,01,24 ], long distance running [19] and treadmill running [18 ],and a significant negative relationship between and loss of horizontal velocity during repeated sprinting [10 ].However some previous studies demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between and horizontal velocity during sprint, treadmill and distance running [8,9,18,01,24]. previous studies on triple jump focused mainly either on kinematical analysis of the individual athlete techniques [12,14 ,17], Ground reaction forces during three take off actions [7,13] or more specific aspects of the optimum phase ratio [4,17] but until now no studies focus on changes in spring mass model characteristics during triple jump Figure (1) the model consists of a mass and a single leg spring (which joins the foot and the center of mass DL is its maximal compression. ( ) is the vertical displacement of the mass during the stance phase, and (∆L) is the vertical compression of the leg spring during the mid-stance phase [6] So the main aim of the present study to identify changes in vertical and leg stiffness during triple jump and identify the relationship between both vertical and leg stiffness and horizontal velocity and the loss of horizontal velocity during triple jump performance.…”

Section: Vertical Stiffness (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the biomechanical aspect, triple jump is one of the most complex track and field disciplines and consists of the run-up phase and three consecutive flight phases which are hope, step and jump [17].An elite triple jumper should be able to reach average speeds of more than 10.4 m´s-1during the last 5 m before the take-off, and to maintain as much of this speed as possible during the hop, the step and the jump [22]. This is possible only by minimizing the braking forces, thus optimizing vertical velocity.…”

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Changes in Vertical and Leg Stiffness during Triple Jump Performance

2015

Journal of Applied Sports Science

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Purpose: the aim of the present study to identify changes in vertical stiffness(K_vert) and leg stiffness 〖(K〗_leg) during triple jump and identify the relationship between both vertical and leg stiffness and horizontal velocity and the loss of horizontal velocity. Methods: Six male triple jumpers were videotaped during triple jump performance with three video cameras 60 Hz and the analysis was performed by DARTFISH TEAM PRO 4.5 software program, One-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed for each parameter. For the correlation analysis Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships between both (K_vertand〖 K〗_leg), and horizontal velocity and loss of horizontal velocity. Results:K_vertreached maximum value at hop (31.42 kN/m), then decreased consistently during step (25.83 kN/m) and jump (20.33 kN/m. Decrease in horizontal velocity during step and jump was 11.3 % and 13.4% respectively. On the other hand K_leg reaches a minimum value during hope (13.77 kN/m), then peaked at step phase (25.89 kN/m) and decreased during jump (16.97 kN/m). Conclusion: the results of the present study suggested that a higher K_vert values are necessary to maintain horizontal velocity and minimizing the loss of horizontal velocity during triple jump performance. And also K_leg plays an important role in maintaining horizontal velocity during step and jump but not in whole triple jump performance.. Introduction: nderstanding human body movement is one of the most difficult tasks in the field of scientific Research. The human body consists of many segments which move due to muscles contraction, so the biomechanical analysis is one of the most important tools that could help us to understand the human motion.

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Section: Vertical Stiffness (mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Vertical and Leg Stiffness during Triple Jump Performance

2015

Journal of Applied Sports Science

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“…Earlier biomechanical studies of the triple jump focused mainly on qualitative comparisons of the triple jump techniques for individual athletes [2,6,7] or some more specific analyses like the optimum phase ratio [3,6,8], functions of arm swing motions [2,9], tradeoffs between velocity components during triple jumping [10], and biomechanical loading [4,11]. The present paper attempts to supplement these studies with the inverse dynamics analysis of the triple jump, based on musculoskeletal modeling and computer simulations, and aimed at quantitative evaluation of the lower-limb muscle forces and joint reaction forces during the movement.…”

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Modeling and computational issues in the inverse dynamics simulation of triple jump

et al. 2013

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The triple jump is a demanding field event consisting of an approach run, and then followed by a hop, a bound, and a jump. The three consecutive takeoffs are executed at high speed, during which a jumper must absorb extremely large impact forces. The purpose of this paper is to develop an effective formulation for the inverse dynamics simulation of all the jump phases separately. A planar model of the jumper is used, composed of 14 rigid segments connected by 13 hinge joints, and actuated by muscle forces in the lower limbs and resultant muscle torques in the upper body joints. The equations of motion of the model are obtained using a projective technique, allowing for effective assessment of the ground reactions as well as muscle forces and joint reaction forces in the lower limbs. Some numerical results of the inverse dynamics simulation of a triple jump are reported.

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Time Characteristics of Technical Readiness of Female Triple Jumpers of High Qualification

Конестяпін

Павлось

Khanikiants

et al. 2022

Teor. metod. fiz. vihov.

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Background. The relentless growth of sports results and the lack of comparative analysis of a set of indicators of technical readiness of female triple jumpers of various qualifications indicates the viability of research in this regard. The study purpose was to specify the time characteristics of technical readiness of female triple jumpers of high qualification. Materials and methods. We used the following research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, instrumental methods (video recording) and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted on the basis of investigating the time characteristics of the technical readiness of skilled triple jumpers. The pedagogical experiment took place during the competitions of the Cup of Ukraine and the Championship of Ukraine in Athletics. The study involved 9 female triple jumpers (average age 25.3 ± 5.1), including two masters of sports of international class of Ukraine, four masters of sports of Ukraine, and three candidates for masters of sports of Ukraine. Results. In the course of the study, we found that the indicators of the duration of the reference periods of the last 6 steps of the run in the triple jump by female jumpers of high qualification are characterized by a low level of variability. In terms of flight duration, the highest variability was observed in the 3rd, next to last and last steps of the run. According to the results of the study of rhythmic-tempo characteristics of a triple jump of high qualification, it was established that the highest indicators of the pace of the running step are at the last step of the run and reach 4.67 ± 0,03 st./s. The correlation between such time characteristics as the duration of the flight period of the next to last run step (r = -0.85), the rate of the next to last (r = 0.60) and last step (r = 0.78), and the rate of intensity (r = 0.76) with a sports result. In the triple jump by female jumpers of high qualification, indicators of the duration of the phases of “jump”, “step”, “jump”, their total duration and the average speed of the jumping phases are characterized by a low level of variability. The duration of the “hop” is 0.66 ± 0.06 s. The longest phase is the “jump” phase (0.78 ± 0.06 s), and the shortest is the “step” phase (0.51 ± 0.04 s). Conclusions. It was established that due to the reduction of the duration of flight periods in the last steps of the take-off, there is an increase in the take-off speed of high-skilled jumpers. The variability of the contrast between the growth rate of 31.90% and the rate of mobilization of 35.12% indicates that high-skilled jumpers use different options to combine takeoff and repulsion. Analysis of the rhythmic structure of the triple jump technique shows that all jumps are dominated by the phase of “jump” (40.05%), and the shortest is the phase of “step” (26.30%). It was found that the following time characteristics: the duration of the flight period of the next to last run step (r = -0.85), the pace of the next to last step (r = 0.60), the pace of the last step (r = 0.78), and the pace intensity (r = 0.76) have a statistically significant relationship with sports results (p < 0.05).

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Variability of Biomechanical Parameters in the Triple Jump Technique – A Case Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in Vertical and Leg Stiffness during Triple Jump Performance

Changes in Vertical and Leg Stiffness during Triple Jump Performance

Modeling and computational issues in the inverse dynamics simulation of triple jump

Time Characteristics of Technical Readiness of Female Triple Jumpers of High Qualification

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