Variability in the realization of agreement in Turkish

Morphosyntax and Phonology of Agreement in Turkish

“…The overview of Turkish subject agreement presented in this section incorporates observations from not only standard Turkish but also colloquial/informal registers of standard Turkish, extant nonstandard dialects of Turkish (from Anatolia and beyond), and historical varieties of Turkish. Although each of the example sentences provided in sections 2.1 and 2.4 is generated from introspection and has had its (un)acceptability confirmed by my consultants (all speakers of standard Turkish who are fluent in the colloquial/informal register), the morphosyntactic configurations that these sentences exemplify are also documented in the literature on nonstandard Turkish dialects and historical varieties (see footnotes 2 and 3 as well as Güneş 2020 for references). Furthermore, examples of many of the configurations discussed in this section can also be found on the internet (but whether such data represent colloquial standard Turkish or a nonstandard dialect is hard to ascertain).…”

“…Neglected in the previous literature is the fact that a third agr paradigm also exists. When a future or progressive morpheme (both of which are TAM z morphemes) is realized in a phonologically reduced form, as in colloquial Turkish and in certain dialects (see Göksel 2010, Erdem 2018, Güneş 2020), it licenses a phonologically reduced exponent of the standard z paradigm of agr (1b), as illustrated in (3). This reduced z paradigm , in which agr (excluding the third person singular and the third person plural) has one fewer vowel than its standard variety, and the reduced TAM z morphemes that license it (henceforth, TAM r z morphemes) are presented in (4).…”

Prosodic Rephrasing and Violations of the Phase Impenetrability Condition

“…The current PF NOPIC approach assumes that Turkish is restricted by (at least) two prosodic well-formedness constraints (Güneş 2015(Güneş , 2020a(Güneş , 2020b. The first is non-recursivity (NON-REC), which precludes recursive prosodic structures.…”

“…The second major phonological well-formedness constraint operative in Turkish (according to the current PF NOPIC approach) is the rhythmic constraint Maximal Binarity (BIN-MAX) (Güneş 2015(Güneş , 2020a(Güneş , 2020bsee It ō andMester [1992] 2003;Ghini 1993;Mester 1994;Hewitt 1994;Selkirk 2000;Bennett et al 2016 among others for a family of binarity constraints in various languages). BIN-MAX dictates that phonological constituents can maximally contain two constituents.…”