Variability in Reed Canarygrass, <i>Phalaris Arundinacea</i> L. I. Agronomic Characteristics<sup>1</sup>

Baltensperger, A. A.; Kalton, R. R.

doi:10.2134/agronj1958.00021962005000110006x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…However, the variation in quantitative traits including yield capacity depends on several genes, the effects of which are often smaller than the variation arising from environmental factors such as climate, nutrition and management (Baltensperger and Kalton 1958, Sachs and Coulman 1983, Østrem 1988a, Falconer and Mackay 1996. There are, of course, traits with a strong genetic component, such as the number of panicles and stems, and the height of the plant that impact on DM yield and quality (Baltensperger and Kalton 1958, Bonin and Goplen 1966, Berg 1980, Østrem 1988b, Sjödin 1991, Lindvall 1992. For production of grass fibre, early maturing varieties are preferred, as late ones tend to have a higher leaf to stem ratio (Berg 1980).…”

Section: Choice Of Cultivarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Saijonkari-Pahkala¹

2001

AFSci

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This study was begun in 1990 when there was a marked shortage of short fibre raw material for the pulp industry. During the last ten years the situation has changed little, and the shortage is still apparent. It was estimated that 0.5 to 1 million hectares of arable land would be set aside from cultivation in Finland during this period. An alternative to using hardwoods in printing papers is non-wood fibres from herbaceous field crops. The study aimed at determining the feasibility of using non-wood plants as raw material for the pulp and paper industry, and developing crop management methods for the selected species. The properties considered important for a fibre crop were high yielding ability, high pulping quality and good adaptation to the prevailing climatic conditions and possibilities for low cost production. A strategy and a process to identify, select and introduce a crop for domestic short fibre production is described in this thesis. The experimental part of the study consisted of screening plant species by analysing fibre and mineral content, evaluating crop management methods and varieties, resulting in description of an appropriate cropping system for large-scale fibre plant production. Of the 17 herbaceous plant species studied, monocotyledons were most suitable for pulping. They were productive and well adapted to Finnish climatic conditions. Of the monocots, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were the most promising. These were chosen for further studies and were included in field experiments to determine the most suitable harvesting system and fertilizer application procedures for biomass production. Reed canary grass was favoured by delayed harvesting in spring when the moisture content of the crop stand was 10-15% of DM before production of new tillers. When sown in early spring, reed canary grass typically yielded 7-8 t ha-1 within three years on clay soil. The yield exceeded 10 t ha-1 on organic soil after the second harvest year. Spring harvesting was not suitable for tall fescue and resulted in only 37-54% of dry matter yields and in far fewer stems and panicles than harvested during the growing season. The economic optimum for fertilizer application rate for reed canary grass ranged from 50 to 100 kg N ha-1 when grown on clay soil and harvested in spring. On organic soil the fertilizer rates needed were lower. If tall fescue is used for raw material for paper, fertilizer application rates higher than 100 kg N ha-1 were not of any additional benefit. It was possible to decrease the mineral content of raw material by harvesting in spring, using moderate fertilizer application rates, removing leaf blades from the raw material and growing the crop on organic soil. The fibre content of the raw material increased the later the crop was harvested, being highest in spring. Removing leaf blades and using minimum fertilizer application rates in-creased the fibre content of biomass.;

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Section: Choice Of Cultivarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Saijonkari-Pahkala¹

2001

AFSci

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“…A plan for future study of these selected plants and others from the space-planted nursery ( 1) with emphasis on seed shattering resistance is outlined here. Several hun-dr~d p~ants were sel~cted from nearly 6,000 spaced plants pnmanly on the bas1s of apparent shattering resistance but also for •desirability in leafiness, disease resistance, and hay a?d aftermath vigor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This experiment was established in August 1956, from plants vegetatively propagated in the greenhouse. Ten of the clones were selected for apparent shattering resistance and two for shattering susceptibility in a large spaceplanted nursery ( 1). Clonal members were transplanted into single-row plots of 5 plants each spaced 2 feet apart with 4 feet between rows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. II. Seed Shattering¹

Baltensperger¹,

Kalton²

1959

Agronomy Journal

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“…Bonin and Goplen (1966) reported heritability of seed yield components, and Jonassen (1994) detailed effects of various treatments on seed yield. Baltensperger and Kalton (1958)(1959) and Bonin and Goplen (1963) reported variability in seed shattering, Landgraff and Junttila (1979), Junttila and Nilsen (1980), and Berg (1992) studied variation in seed germination and seed dormancy, and Sahramaa and Hömmö (2000) recorded variation in seed production in Finland.…”

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Variation in Seed Production Traits of Reed Canarygrass Germplasm

2004

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man (1983) and Østrem (1988) studied variation in seed yield components. Bonin and Goplen (1966) reported Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) (RCG) is usuallyheritability of seed yield components, and Jonassen grown for forage, but it is also a potential crop for bioenergy and paper pulp production since under long-day conditions it produces (1994) detailed effects of various treatments on seed substantial biomass. Problems related to seed production, including yield. Baltensperger and Kalton (1958;1959) and Bonin low seed yield and early seed shattering, should be addressed before and Goplen (1963) reported variability in seed shatits cultivation can be increased at high latitudes. The objectives of tering, Landgraff and Junttila (1979), Junttila and Nilsen this study were to evaluate the extent and nature of variation in seed (1980), and Berg (1992) studied variation in seed germiproduction traits and factors contributing to high seed yield. Seed nation and seed dormancy, and Sahramaa and Hö mmö yield, seed shattering, seed weight, germination, panicle weight, and (2000) recorded variation in seed production in Finland. panicle length were studied in Finland in 1995, and panicle numberResults of earlier studies showed that there is variabetween 1995 and 1997. The research material included eight cultivars, tion in RCG for seed production traits. Since RCG is 14 breeding lines, and 53 Finnish wild populations, which were divided an outbreeder, it is highly heterozygous and variable into 10 groups according to their origin. Results indicated that populations of reed canarygrass differed markedly in seed production traits. for many traits. Finland is a potential area for forage Cultivars, breeding lines, and the southernmost wild groups from the grass seed production (Niemelä inen and Niskanen, 2002). coastal area had the best seed production traits. The northernmost RCG is native to Finland and geographical differentiawild group was superior only in resistance to seed shattering. The tion in seed production traits was assumed because of best time for harvest was later for cultivars than for breeding lines the substantial distances separating populations. Harand wild populations. Seed production traits were correlated, which vest time has been shown to be difficult to determine would allow simultaneous improvement of those traits. The variation because stands mature unevenly, both among and within in traits recorded in this study indicated that there is potential to panicles (Evans and Ely, 1941). Seeds also shatter soon breed new reed canarygrass cultivars with good seed production from after maturity and hence seed yield is often low with local populations from particular geographic areas and breeding mauneven germination. The objectives of this study were terials.to evaluate the extent and nature of variation in seed production traits and factors contributing to high seed yield. Panicles were manually shed three times after each collec-

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Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. I. Agronomic Characteristics¹

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. II. Seed Shattering¹

Variation in Seed Production Traits of Reed Canarygrass Germplasm

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Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. I. Agronomic Characteristics1

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Non-wood plants as raw material for pulp and paper

Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. II. Seed Shattering1

Variation in Seed Production Traits of Reed Canarygrass Germplasm

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Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. I. Agronomic Characteristics¹

Variability in Reed Canarygrass, Phalaris Arundinacea L. II. Seed Shattering¹