Variability in oceanographic and ecological processes in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Michel, Christine; Ingram, R. Grant; Harris, Linda R.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.09.006

Cited by 161 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Light limitation of phytoplankton production in the presence of snow-covered sea ice is typically observed prior to significant melt [Fortier et al, 2002;Michel et al, 2006]. In addition, during the ice-algal bloom in Arctic first-year ice, the presence of an optically-dense biomass layer in the bottom ice contributes to reduce the available light in the upper ocean [e.g., Mundy et al, 2007].…”

Section: Light Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a mismatch between the timing of the ice algal bloom and zooplankton grazing may shift the nature of the sinking organic material, from more fecal pellets to more fresh algal cells . In addition, the timing and duration of the melt period also influences the quality of the material exported to the seafloor since rapid melt can favour a rapid export of intact algal cells to depth [Fortier et al, 2002;Michel et al, 2006]. Tracers associated with certain taxonomic groups that are well-preserved in sediments such as diatoms, dinoflagellates and foraminifera, are well-suited to serve as paleo-proxies.…”

Section: Light Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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Section: Light Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Light Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These changes include shifts toward smaller cells, possibly with different physiology, especially in the freshening Beaufort Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago [Li et al, 2009;Tremblay et al, 2009], which will again affect vertical export fluxes. Changes in bloom phenology have been described as lengthening bloom periods or even the presence of fall blooms (reviewed by Babin et al [2015]; Michel et al [2006Michel et al [ , 2015). However, these changes are fairly recent and likely not yet simulated by models nor captured by the in situ data used for our exercise, despite covering five decades back (i.e., diminishing the likelihood of an effect in our field data set).…”

Section: 1002/2016jc011993mentioning

confidence: 99%

Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models

Lee

Matrai

Friedrichs

et al. 2016

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The relative skill of 21 regional and global biogeochemical models was assessed in terms of how well the models reproduced observed net primary productivity (NPP) and environmental variables such as nitrate concentration (NO3), mixed layer depth (MLD), euphotic layer depth (Zeu), and sea ice concentration, by comparing results against a newly updated, quality‐controlled in situ NPP database for the Arctic Ocean (1959–2011). The models broadly captured the spatial features of integrated NPP (iNPP) on a pan‐Arctic scale. Most models underestimated iNPP by varying degrees in spite of overestimating surface NO3, MLD, and Zeu throughout the regions. Among the models, iNPP exhibited little difference over sea ice condition (ice‐free versus ice‐influenced) and bottom depth (shelf versus deep ocean). The models performed relatively well for the most recent decade and toward the end of Arctic summer. In the Barents and Greenland Seas, regional model skill of surface NO3 was best associated with how well MLD was reproduced. Regionally, iNPP was relatively well simulated in the Beaufort Sea and the central Arctic Basin, where in situ NPP is low and nutrients are mostly depleted. Models performed less well at simulating iNPP in the Greenland and Chukchi Seas, despite the higher model skill in MLD and sea ice concentration, respectively. iNPP model skill was constrained by different factors in different Arctic Ocean regions. Our study suggests that better parameterization of biological and ecological microbial rates (phytoplankton growth and zooplankton grazing) are needed for improved Arctic Ocean biogeochemical modeling.

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“…The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is a region of high biological production that supports large populations of seabirds and marine mammals (McLaughlin et al 2004;Michel et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon biodegradation by Arctic sea-ice and sub-ice microbial communities during microcosm experiments, Northwest Passage (Nunavut, Canada)

Garneau

Michel

Meisterhans

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=7c0aa52f-edde-4536-bc0b-f3df34a692ee http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=7c0aa52f-edde-4536-bc0b-f3df34a692ee AbstractThe increasing accessibility to navigation and offshore oil exploration brings risks of hydrocarbon releases in Arctic waters. Bioremediation of hydrocarbons is a promising mitigation strategy but challenges remain, particularly due to low microbial metabolic rates in cold, ice-covered seas.Hydrocarbon degradation potential of ice-associated microbes collected from the Northwest Passage was investigated. Microcosm incubations were run for 15 days at -1.7°C with and without oil to determine the effects of hydrocarbon exposure on microbial abundance, diversity and activity, and to estimate component-specific hydrocarbon loss. Diversity was assessed with automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis and ion torrent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial activity was measured by 3 H-leucine uptake rates. After incubation, sub-ice and sea-ice communities degraded 94% and 48% of the initial hydrocarbons, respectively. Hydrocarbon exposure changed the composition of sea-ice and sub-ice communities; in sea-ice microcosms, Bacteroidetes (mainly Polaribacter) dominated whereas in sub-ice microcosms, Epsilonproteobacteria contribution increased, but that of Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased. Sequencing data revealed a decline in diversity and increases in Colwellia and Moritella in oil-treated microcosms. Low concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sub-ice seawater may explain higher hydrocarbon degradation when compared to sea ice, where DOM was abundant and composed of labile exopolysaccharides.

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Variability in oceanographic and ecological processes in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Cited by 161 publications

References 77 publications

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Net primary productivity estimates and environmental variables in the Arctic Ocean: An assessment of coupled physical-biogeochemical models

Hydrocarbon biodegradation by Arctic sea-ice and sub-ice microbial communities during microcosm experiments, Northwest Passage (Nunavut, Canada)

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