Variability in metabolites produced by Talaromyces pinophilus SPJ22 cultured on different substrates

Abstract

Background Several metabolites released by fungal species are an essential source of biologically active natural substances. Gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS) is one of the techniques used in profiling the metabolites produced by microorganisms, including Talaromyces pinophilus. However, there is limited information regarding differential substrates’ impacts on this fungal strain’s metabolite profiling. This study examined the metabolite profile of T. pinophilus strain SPJ22 cultured on three different media, including solid czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) using GC-HRTOF-MS. The mycelia including the media were plugged and dissolved in 5 different organic solvents with varying polarities viz.: acetonitrile, dichloromethane, hexane, 80% methanol and water, and extracts analysed on GC-HRTOF-MS. Results The study revealed the presence of different classes of metabolites, such as fatty acids (2.13%), amides (4.26%), alkanes (34.04%), furan (2.13%), ketones (4.26%), alcohols (14.89%), aromatic compounds (6.38%), and other miscellaneous compounds (17.02%). Significant metabolites such as acetic acid, 9-octadecenamide, undecanoic acid methyl ester, hydrazine, hexadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, and other compounds reported in this study have been widely documented to have plant growth promoting, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and biofuel properties. Furthermore, T. pinophilus grown on PDA and MEA produced more than twice as many compounds as that grown on CYA. Conclusion Thus, our result showed that the production of essential metabolites from T. pinophilus is substrate dependent, with many of these metabolites known to have beneficial characteristics, and as such, this organism can be utilised as a sustainable and natural source for these useful organic molecules.

Morphed aflaxotin concentration produced by Aspergillus flavus strain VKMN22 on maize grains inoculated on agar culture

“…These taxonomic descriptive features were used as the initial criteria for fungal identification. Similar features have been reported in previous studies by Ekwomadu et al, 2018 , Adelusi et al, 2022 , Khan et al, 2020 , Thathana et al, 2017 and Compaoré et al (2021) . However, it was acknowledged that the isolation and morphological identification were insufficient to fully establish the fungal isolate's identity at species level.…”

“…The A. flavus strain VKMN22, utilized in this study was isolated from the maize grain samples purchased from a local shop in Johannesburg, South Africa. The fungal species were identified through macroscopic and microscopic methods using the identification method described by Adelusi et al (2022) and subsequently confirmed via molecular analysis. Genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from each isolate using the Bacterial/Fungal DNA Extraction Kit (Zymo Research, D6005, Irvine, California, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Exometabolomic exploration of culturable airborne microorganisms from an urban atmosphere

“…These three genera share similarities in exometabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and morphological features. They are holophyletic in a cladistic sense and polythetic in an anagenetic or functional purpose (Frisvad, 2015;Adelusi et al, 2022).…”

Molecular and biological characterization of a novel partitivirus from Talaromyces pinophilus

“…T. pinophilus , is also used in the production of bioactive metabolites including alkaloids, esters, furanosteroids lactones, polyketides, terpenoids, and tetraenes ( Li et al, 2017 ; Vinale et al, 2017 ; Zhai et al, 2016 ). Recently, new metabolites were reported including alkanes, amides, aromatic compounds, fatty acids, furans, ketones, acetic acid, 9-octadecenamide, hydrazine, hexadecane, nonadecane, eicosane and undecanoic acid methyl ester, with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and widely used as plant growth promoters and as biofuel ( Adelusi et al, 2022 ).…”