Variability in <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. <i>cubense</i>

Ploetz, R. C.

doi:10.1139/b90-173

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…cubense isolates. Based on virulence to specific banana cultivars (66,67), the pathogen may be classified into one of three races (i.e., races 1, 2, and 4), although this designation may be contingent on environmental conditions. For instance, genetically identical isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Relationships among theFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubenseVegetative Compatibility Groups

Fourie

Steenkamp

Gordon

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

144

204

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Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the causal agent of fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), is one of the most destructive strains of the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum. Genetic relatedness among and within vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was studied by sequencing two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA regions in a collection of 70 F. oxysporum isolates that include representatives of 20 VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, other formae speciales, and nonpathogens. To determine the ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to sexually recombine, crosses were made between isolates of opposite mating types. Phylogenetic analysis separated the F. oxysporum isolates into two clades and eight lineages. Phylogenetic relationships between F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and other formae speciales of F. oxysporum and the relationships among VCGs and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense clearly showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense's ability to cause disease on banana has emerged multiple times, independently, and that the ability to cause disease to a specific banana cultivar is also a polyphyletic trait. These analyses further suggest that both coevolution with the host and horizontal gene transfer may have played important roles in the evolutionary history of the pathogen. All examined isolates harbored one of the two mating-type idiomorphs, but never both, which suggests a heterothallic mating system should sexual reproduction occur. Although, no sexual structures were observed, some lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense harbored MAT-1 and MAT-2 isolates, suggesting a potential that these lineages have a sexual origin that might be more recent than initially anticipated.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Relationships among theFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubenseVegetative Compatibility Groups

Fourie

Steenkamp

Gordon

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

144

204

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“…), sanitasi kebun dan pembuatan saluran drainase, menjarangkan anakan, pengapuran, menghindari terjadinya pelukaan akar saat pemeliharaan tanaman, pengerodongan bunga dan buah dengan plastik, memotong bunga jantan (jantung pisang), eradikasi tanaman terserang dengan cara membongkar tanaman dan membakarnya atau dengan menyuntikkan minyak tanah pada batang semu tanaman terserang (10-20 ml per tanaman) tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal. Sampai saat ini belum ada metode pengendalian patogen ini yang berhasil secara ekonomis (Buddenhagen & Elsasser, 1962;Ploetz, 1990), sehingga sangat diperlukan aplikasi agensia hayati untuk menekan propagul BDB seperti aplikasi Fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) indigenus. Berbagai hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa FMA memiliki efek bioprotective terhadap patogen-patogen soilborne (Singh et al, 2000;AzconAguilar et al, 2002;Xavier & Boyetchko, 2004;StArnaud & Elsen, 2005;St-Arnaud & Vujanovic, 2007).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Aktivitas Enzim Peroksidase Pisang Kepok Dengan Aplikasi Glomus Tipe 1

Suswati¹,

Indrawaty²,

Friardi³

2016

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Ripe banana peroxidase activities with Glomus type 1. Ripe banana is very susceptible to blood disease caused by Blood disease bacterium (BDB) and Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus tipe 1 increased resistance of ripe banana seedlings to both wilt diseases. The resistance mechanism related with the change of hydrolytic enzyme activities: peroxidase (PO), phenylalanin amonialyase (PAL) and polyphenoloksidase (PPO). The green house and laboratorium experiment were conducted to study the effect of different colonization time 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 h after application (haa) and control (without AMF) with 3 replicates. AMF fresh inoculants source is a mixture of sand planting medium that containing spores, hyphae and corn root colonized AMF. Ripe banana seedlings (60 days old) were inoculated with 50 g fresh AMF inoculants and incubated with the treatment. The results showed that the application of Glomus tipe 1 caused changes in the enzyme activity of peroxidase in the roots and leaves. Root peroxidase enzyme activity slightly increased 5.84% (0.326U) at the beginning of colonization (4 haa) while peroxidase enzyme activity in leaves sharply declined (85.83-87.37%).Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, blood disease bacterium, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, Glomus tipe 1, peroxidase enzyme activities, ripe banana ABSTRAKAktivitas enzim peroksidase pisang kepok dengan aplikasi Glomus tipe 1. Tanaman pisang kepok sangat rentan terhadap penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Blood Disease Bacterium (BDB) dan layu Fusarium oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). Aplikasi Glomus tipe 1 mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman pisang kepok terhadap kedua penyakit tersebut. Peningkatan ketahanan tanaman pisang tersebut berkaitan erat dengan perubahan aktivitas enzim hidrolitik seperti peroksidase (PO), phenylalanin amonialyase (PAL) dan polypeniloksidase (PPO). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengukur aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan kadar protein tanaman pisang kepok setelah aplikasi Glomus tipe 1. Sebanyak 50 g inokulan Glomus tipe 1 diaplikasi pada perakaran bibit pisang kepok umur 2 bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada perakaran bibit pisang Kepok disesuaikan dengan perlakuan waktu kolonisasi yaitu 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 jam setelah aplikasi (jsa) dan kontrol (tanpa mikoriza). Parameter yang diamati adalah aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan kadar protein tanaman pisang kepok dengan metode Lowry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi Glomus tipe 1 menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas enzim peroksidase dalam akar dan daun. Aktivitas enzim peroksidase akar sedikit meningkat 5,84% (0,326U) pada awal kolonisasi (4 jsa) sementara aktivitas enzim peroksidase dalam daun mengalami penurunan yang tajam (85,83-87,37%) .

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“…The emergence of new Foc races is a constant cause for concern for the global banana market (Ploetz, 1990;Sutherland et al, 2013) because the pathogen can survive in soil for over 20 years through structures known as chlamydospores (Stover, 1990). Although bananas have worldwide importance, their cultivation is hindered due to a lack of productive commercial varieties that are resistant to major pests and diseases, such as Panama disease, which simultaneously exhibit desirable agronomic characteristics and market acceptance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a thematic collection of Musa spp accessions using SCAR markers for preventive breeding against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense tropical race 4

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Bananas are one of the most consumed fruits worldwide, but are affected by many pests and diseases. One of the most devastating diseases is Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense (Foc). Recently, Fusarium tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) has been causing irreparable damage, especially in Asia and Africa where it has devastated entire plantations, including areas with Cavendish, which is known to be resistant to Foc race 1. Although this race is not yet present in Brazil, results obtained by Embrapa in partnership with the University of Wageningen, The Netherlands, indicate that 100% of the cultivars used by Brazilian growers are susceptible to Foc TR 4. In our study, 276 banana accessions were screened with sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers that have been linked to the resistance of Foc TR 4. Two SCAR primers were tested and the results revealed that SCAR ScaU1001 was efficient at discriminating accessions with possible resistance in 36.6% of the evaluated accessions. This is the first attempt to develop a thematic collection of possible Foc TR 4 resistant banana accessions in Brazil, which could be tested in Asian or African countries to validate markerassisted selection (MAS), and for use in the preventive breeding of the crop to safeguard our banana plantations against Foc TR 4. We believe that this is an important step towards the prevention of this devastating disease, especially considering that our banana plantations are at risk.

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Variability in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Evolutionary Relationships among theFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubenseVegetative Compatibility Groups

Evolutionary Relationships among theFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubenseVegetative Compatibility Groups

Aktivitas Enzim Peroksidase Pisang Kepok Dengan Aplikasi Glomus Tipe 1

Development of a thematic collection of Musa spp accessions using SCAR markers for preventive breeding against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense tropical race 4

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