2019
DOI: 10.1002/dta.2605
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Variability in content and dissolution profiles of MDMA tablets collected in the UK between 2001 and 2018 – A potential risk to users?

Abstract: 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) tablets are widely used recreationally, and not only vary in appearance, but also in MDMA content. Recently, the prevalence of high‐content tablets is of concern to public health authorities. To compare UK data with other countries, we evaluated MDMA content of 412 tablets collected from the UK, 2001–2018, and investigated within‐batch content variability for a sub‐set of these samples. In addition, we investigated dissolution profiles of tablets using pharmace… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…This is corroborated in the data obtained for the aversions (Figure 2). The participants may have been confusing illicit black market MDMA of highly variable quality (Couchman et al., 2019) with high quality MDMA dispensed in a healthcare setting. MDMA produced to good manufacturing practice standards is reportedly well tolerated when used at recommended doses (Mithoefer et al., 2018; Sessa et al., 2019).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is corroborated in the data obtained for the aversions (Figure 2). The participants may have been confusing illicit black market MDMA of highly variable quality (Couchman et al., 2019) with high quality MDMA dispensed in a healthcare setting. MDMA produced to good manufacturing practice standards is reportedly well tolerated when used at recommended doses (Mithoefer et al., 2018; Sessa et al., 2019).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Identifikasi ini sangat penting bagi petugas penegak hukum dan staf layanan darurat sebagai upaya pengurangan penggunaan narkoba (Deconinck et al, 2019). Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis pendahuluan atau uji screening yaitu dengan mengamati perubahan warna secara kualitatif menggunakan reagent marquis (Fasich, 1999), (Couchman et al, 2019); (Graziano et al, 2019). Sedangkan metode GCMS digunakan untuk uji konfirmatif yaitu analisis yang didasarkan pada pemisahan kandungan senyawa-senyawa yang mudah menguap dan diinterpretasikan dalam bentuk kromatogram.…”
Section: Pendahuluanunclassified
“…No entanto, seu alto custo de aquisição e manutenção é limitado para laboratórios forenses que tenham orçamento compatível. Na literatura é possível encontrar diversos métodos desenvolvidos com o MS, ou in tandem (MS/MS) para determinação de MDMA, MDA, e estimulantes do tipoanfetamina em amostras de fluido oral (CONCHEIRO et al, 2008;SERGI et al, 2009;ROSITANO et al, 2016;JACQUES;DOS SANTOS;LIMBERGER, 2019;GORZIZA et al, 2020) e apreendidas (KHAJEAMIRI et al, 2011;COUCHMAN et al, 2019;TEÓFILO et al, 2020), com diversas variações no modo de preparo das amostras, desde simples diluições (dilution-and-shoot) a convencionais extrações líquido-líquido. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação reportados para ambos os analitos podem chegar a níveis na ordem de 0,2 e 0,5 ng mL -1 no fluido oral (WOOD et al, 2003) e até 0,0001 ng mL -1 para o cabelo.…”
Section: Cromatografia Líquida (Lc-dad Lc-fd E Lc-ms)unclassified
“…10 mg foram diluídos em 100 mL de uma mistura de metanol:água ultrapura (50:50, v/v). 1 mL foi diluído 10x e em seguida diluída com PI (MDMA-d5) e ácido fórmico 0,1% v/v 0,5 - (COUCHMAN et al, 2019) DAD: detector por arranjo de diodos, FID: detector por ionização de chama, GC: cromatografia a gás, LC: cromatografia líquida, LIQ: limite de detecção, em µg mL -1 , LD: limite de detecção, em µg mL -1 , MS: espectrometria de massas 2.3.4.2. Técnicas de extração em amostras de fluido oral Além das técnicas de extração recomendadas pela The International Association for Forensic Toxicologists (TIAFT), extrações utilizando a precipitação proteica (PPT), extração líquido-sólido (LSE) ou mesmo a diluição direta (dilution-and-shoot) das amostras podem ser realizadas para amostras biológicas.…”
Section: Lc-ms/msunclassified
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