Variability and partial synchrony of the cell cycle in the germinal zone of the early embryonic cerebral cortex

Reznikov, K. Yu.; Kooy, Derek van der

doi:10.1002/cne.903600313

Cited by 47 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The number of apoptotic cells through the cortex from the VZ to the pial surface was quantified and the rate of apoptosis was found to be ~1 apoptotic cell per 64,250 µm 2 (n=6). This low rate of apoptosis is consistent with previous reports (Cai et al, 2002;Haydar et al, 2000;Reznikov and van der Kooy, 1995;Takahashi et al, 1995) Fig. S1E,F).…”

Section: Mcl1 Protein Is Tightly Regulated In Npcssupporting

confidence: 93%

Mcl1 regulates the terminal mitosis of neural precursor cells in the mammalian brain through p27Kip1

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYCortical development requires the precise timing of neural precursor cell (NPC) terminal mitosis. Although cell cycle proteins regulate terminal mitosis, the factors that influence the cell cycle machinery are incompletely understood. Here we show in mice that myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl1), an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein required for the survival of NPCs, also regulates their terminal differentiation through the cell cycle regulator p27 Kip1 . A BrdU-Ki67 cell profiling assay revealed that in utero electroporation of Mcl1 into NPCs in the embryonic neocortex increased NPC cell cycle exit (the leaving fraction

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Section: Mcl1 Protein Is Tightly Regulated In Npcssupporting

confidence: 93%

Mcl1 regulates the terminal mitosis of neural precursor cells in the mammalian brain through p27Kip1

et al. 2013

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“…The influence of the thalamus-derived factor exclusively on the duration of the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is in agreement with a number of studies showing that, in most eukaryotic cell types, cell-cycle duration is regulated mainly via G 1 (Pardee, 1989) and that Ts and G 2 /M-phase duration are highly conserved during neurogenesis (Kaufmann, 1968;Waechter and Jaensch, 1972;Schultze et al, 1974;Schmahl, 1983;Reznikov and van der Kooy, 1995;Miyama et al, 1997).…”

Section: Mitogenic Effect On the Dynamics Of The Cell Cyclesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is in agreement with numerous previous findings in which the GF has been estimated by means of tritiated thymidine or BrdUrd cumulative labeling in vivo. Using 3 H-thymidine labeling, Reznikov and van der Kooy (1995) report GF values of 99.99% in E14 and E15 lateral and dorsal rat neocortex. Using BrdUrd cumulative labeling and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, Miller and Nowakowski (1991) report GF values of 90% in E13 rat.…”

Section: In Vitro Assay Of Cortical Precursor Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LI indicates the proportions of precursors in S phase at the time of the BrdUrd pulse and therefore reflects the relative duration of the S phase (Ts) with respect to the total duration of the cell cycle. Because Ts is largely invariant, variations of LI reflect changes in the duration of the cell cycle (Tc) (Waechter and Jaensch, 1972;Schultze et al, 1974;Schmahl, 1983;Reznikov and van der Kooy, 1995) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Influence Of Tcm On Cell-cycle Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell-Cycle Kinetics of Neocortical Precursors Are Influenced by Embryonic Thalamic Axons

et al. 2001

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Thalamic afferents are known to exert a control over the differentiation of cortical areas at late stages of development. Here, we show that thalamic afferents also influence early stages of corticogenesis at the level of the ventricular zone. Using an in vitro approach, we show that embryonic day 14 mouse thalamic axons release a diffusable factor that promotes the proliferation of cortical precursors over a restricted developmental window. The thalamic mitogenic effect on cortical precursors (1) shortens the total cell-cycle duration via a reduction of the G 1 phase; (2) facilitates the G 1 /S transition leading to an increase in proliferative divisions; (3) is significantly reduced by antibodies directed against bFGF; and (4) influences the proliferation of both glial and neuronal precursors and does not preclude the action of signals that induce differentiation in these two lineages. We have related these in vitro findings to the in vivo condition: the organotypic culture of cortical explants in which anatomical thalamocortical innervation is preserved shows significantly increased proliferation rates compared with cortical explants devoid of subcortical afferents. These results are in line with a number of studies at subcortical levels showing the control of neurogenesis via afferent fibers in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Specifically, they indicate the mechanisms whereby embryonic thalamic afferents contribute to the known early regionalization of the ventricular zone, which plays a major role in the specification of neocortical areas. Key words: development; cortex; proliferation; areal specification; mouse; ventricular zoneCells of the cerebral cortex originate from the ventricular and subventricular zones of the embryonic telencephalon. The heterogeneous population of precursors lining the ventricular zone divide, migrate, and differentiate to form the cerebral cortex. Although many of the developmental events occurring during corticogenesis have been described (Angevine and Sidman, 1961;Smart, 1973;Smart and Smart, 1982;Rakic, 1988;Bayer and Altman, 1991), the contribution of early mechanisms that determine the phenotypes of cortical neurons and specify the identity of cortical areas still has to be resolved (McConnell, 1995).The sensory periphery exerts an important control over the development of the immature cortical plate via thalamic afferents (O'Leary, 1989). Such afferent specification of cortex (Killackey, 1990) is in line with in vivo and in vitro experiments showing that thalamic afferents influence cell survival and differentiation (Repka and Cunningham, 1987;Windrem and Finlay, 1991;Lotto and Price, 1996;Price and Lotto, 1996;Zhou et al., 1999). However, there is also clear evidence that there is a specification of cortical neuron phenotype at the level of the ventricular zone before migration to the cortical plate (Arimatsu et al., 1992;Cohen-Tannoudji et al., 1994;Soriano et al., 1995;Levitt et al., 1997;Miyashita-Lin et al., 1999, Nakagawa et al., 1999.Given the developmental impa...

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“…Indeed, on the one hand, no differences in cell-cycle length have been detected when the same neocortical region was analyzed with regard to ventricular zone (VZ) versus subventricular zone (SVZ) (Reznikov and van der Kooy, 1995), although these zones have been shown recently to contain distinct neuronal progenitors (Haubensak et al, 2004;Miyata et al, 2004;Noctor et al, 2004). On the other hand, differences in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation during pulse labeling between distinct subpopulations of RG cells have been reported (Hartfuss et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Lengthening of the Cell Cycle in the Neurogenic Subpopulation of Neural Progenitor Cells during Mouse Brain Development

Calegari¹,

Haubensak²,

Haffner³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

351

341

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During embryonic development of the mammalian brain, the average cell-cycle length of progenitor cells in the ventricular zone is known to increase. However, for any given region of the developing cortex and stage of neurogenesis, the length of the cell cycle is thought to be similar in the two coexisting subpopulations of progenitors [i.e., those undergoing (symmetric) proliferative divisions and those undergoing (either asymmetric or symmetric) neuron-generating divisions]. Using cumulative bromodeoxyuridine labeling of Tis21-green fluorescent protein knock-in mouse embryos, in which these two subpopulations of progenitors can be distinguished in vivo, we now show that at the onset as well as advanced stages of telencephalic neurogenesis, progenitors undergoing neuron-generating divisions are characterized by a significantly longer cell cycle than progenitors undergoing proliferative divisions. In addition, we find that the recently characterized neuronal progenitors dividing at the basal side of the ventricular zone and in the subventricular zone have a longer G 2 phase than those dividing at the ventricular surface. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis (Calegari and Huttner, 2003) that cell-cycle lengthening can causally contribute to neural progenitors switching from proliferative to neuron-generating divisions and may have important implications for the expansion of somatic stem cells in general.

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Variability and partial synchrony of the cell cycle in the germinal zone of the early embryonic cerebral cortex

Cited by 47 publications

References 37 publications

Mcl1 regulates the terminal mitosis of neural precursor cells in the mammalian brain through p27Kip1

Mcl1 regulates the terminal mitosis of neural precursor cells in the mammalian brain through p27Kip1

Cell-Cycle Kinetics of Neocortical Precursors Are Influenced by Embryonic Thalamic Axons

Selective Lengthening of the Cell Cycle in the Neurogenic Subpopulation of Neural Progenitor Cells during Mouse Brain Development

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