Variability and drivers of grassland sensitivity to drought at different timescales using satellite image time series

Luna, Donald; Pottier, Julien; Picon‐Cochard, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109325

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The climatic context of the French Massif central allowed us to disentangle the effect of MAT from other important climatic drivers such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and summer‐drought severity (DS; Luna et al., 2023). Although DS and MAP significantly influenced the provisioning of some individual ESs (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The climate variables were well explained by three PCA axes that accounted for 91% of the variance (Figure S2). Based on this analysis, we selected three uncorrelated climatic variables: (i) the mean daily temperature from 2000 to 2019 (hereafter MAT) ranging from 6.7°C to 12.2°C; (ii) the average yearly sum of precipitation from the same period (hereafter MAP) ranging from 665 to 1490 mm; and (iii) the drought severity index calculated 10 years before the sampling date in each field (hereafter DS) ranging from 1000 to 1800 (see Luna et al., 2023; McKee et al., 1993). MAT was highly correlated with elevation ( r = −0.92) and was related to the length of the growing season separating cold mountain climate from warmer lowland areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our sample, total fertilization was driven by organic fertilization, as it accounted for 73% of total fertilization. The prominent type of herbage use was calculated according to Luna et al. (2023) as the difference between the total number of grazing periods and of cuts along a 2‐year period; positive values indicated the predominance of grazing, negative values indicated the predominance of cutting, while zero indicated equal numbers of grazing periods and cuts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

Allart,

Dumont,

Joly

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Temperate seminatural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate changes. Understanding how biodiversity, climate and land use intensification impact grassland multifunctionality through complex direct and indirect pathways is critical to better anticipate the future of these fragile ecosystems. Here, we evaluate how local plant species richness (SR) modulates the effect of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality (using six key ESs: biomass productivity and stability, forage quality, carbon storage, pollination and local plant rarity) in the French Massif Central, the largest grassland in Western Europe. We sampled 100 grasslands with contrasted fertilization rates and SR, over large elevational and latitudinal gradients related to variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), and drought severity (DS), two key climate change drivers predicted to increase in the future. Using a confirmatory path analysis, we found that SR was the main driver of multifunctionality. We also found significant SR × MAT and SR × fertilization interactions suggesting that warm climate and high fertilization rates alter the biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Furthermore, increasing temperature and fertilization indirectly influenced multifunctionality by decreasing SR and consequent multifunctionality in warm lowland and highly fertilized grasslands compared to colder montane grasslands or less fertilized ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. forage quality). Synthesis and applications: We identified species richness (SR) as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of, or aggravate, the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ecosystem services delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, mean annual temperature and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

Allart,

Dumont,

Joly

et al. 2024

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…To gain more detailed insights on drought sensitivity of individual habitats and potential shifts in community composition, remote sensing‐based grassland vitality could be directly linked with in‐situ data capturing the actual occurrence and cover of species. Similarly, additional nation‐wide in‐situ data on grassland management would be valuable to assess how grassland habitats respond to drought under different management intensities, a factor that has been shown to impact drought sensitivity of grasslands (Bütof et al., 2012; Luna et al., 2023). Nonetheless, we here provided, for the first time, a comprehensive overview on the drought sensitivity of the main grassland habitat types in Central Europe using fine‐scale remote sensing time series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, while those past studies have substantially improved our understanding of drought impacts on grassland systems, it is still unclear how well conclusions from those mostly experimental studies translate to real‐world grassland systems, covering heterogeneous biophysical and land use conditions (Knapp et al., 2018; Kröel‐Dulay et al., 2022). In fact, the response of grassland systems to drought might be modulated by a multitude of environmental factors, including precipitation gradients (Huxman et al., 2004; Maurer et al., 2020), soil properties (Luna et al., 2023), topography (Buttler et al., 2019; Gharun et al., 2020), land management (Bütof et al., 2012; Karlowsky et al., 2018; Stampfli et al., 2018; Vogel et al., 2012), or the site‐specific community composition of grassland habitats (Wellstein et al., 2017). To better understand the potentially complex impacts of past and future droughts on grassland systems, it is hence necessary to characterize drought impacts on grasslands over long time periods and across large environmental gradients, complementing recent insights from controlled experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale remote sensing analysis reveals an increasing coupling of grassland vitality to atmospheric water demand

Kowalski,

Senf,

Okujeni

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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Grasslands provide important ecosystem services to society, including biodiversity, water security, erosion control, and forage production. Grasslands are also vulnerable to droughts, rendering their future vitality under climate change uncertain. Yet, the grassland response to drought is not well understood, especially for heterogeneous Central European grasslands. We here fill this gap by quantifying the spatiotemporal sensitivity of grasslands to drought using a novel remote sensing dataset from Landsat/Sentinel‐2 paired with climate re‐analysis data. Specifically, we quantified annual grassland vitality at fine spatial scale and national extent (Germany) from 1985 to 2021. We analyzed grassland sensitivity to drought by testing for statistically robust links between grassland vitality and common drought indices. We furthermore explored the spatiotemporal variability of drought sensitivity for 12 grassland habitat types given their different biotic and abiotic features. Grassland vitality maps revealed a large‐scale reduction of grassland vitality during past droughts. The unprecedented drought of 2018–2019 stood out as the largest multi‐year vitality decline since the mid‐1980s. Grassland vitality was consistently coupled to drought (R2 = .09–.22) with Vapor Pressure Deficit explaining vitality best. This suggests that high atmospheric water demand, as observed during recent compounding drought and heatwave events, has major impacts on grassland vitality in Central Europe. We found a significant increase in drought sensitivity over time with highest sensitivities detected in periods of extremely high atmospheric water demand, suggesting that drought impacts on grasslands are becoming more severe with ongoing climate change. The spatial variability of grassland drought sensitivity was linked to different habitat types, with declining sensitivity from dry and mesic to wet habitats. Our study provides the first large‐scale, long‐term, and spatially explicit evidence of increasing drought sensitivities of Central European grasslands. With rising compound droughts and heatwaves under climate change, large‐scale grassland vitality loss, as in 2018–2019, will thus become more likely in the future.

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Propagation process‐based agricultural drought typology and its copula‐based risk

Li,

Liu,

Peng

et al. 2024

Irrigation and Drainage

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Determining the risks associated with different drought event types can be beneficial for related scientific research and management strategies. In this study, we proposed an agricultural drought event pair and typology based on the governing drought propagation processes in the Yellow River basin at the catchment scale. In total, seven agricultural drought event pairs were distinguished, namely single meteorological drought event pair (MDonly), single soil moisture drought event pair (SDonly), single agricultural drought event pair (ADonly), soil moisture and meteorological drought event pair (SDMD), agricultural and meteorological drought event pair (ADMD), agricultural and soil moisture drought event pair (ADSD) and agricultural, soil moisture and meteorological drought event pair (ASMD). The SDMD and ADMD events had the highest copula‐based risk probabilities with the shortest joint return periods. Six agricultural drought types were distinguished in this study, namely classical rainfall deficit, rain‐to‐snow‐season, wet‐to‐dry‐season, cold snow season, warm snow season and composite drought events. The classical rainfall deficit, wet‐to‐dry season and composite drought events were the major agricultural drought types in the Yellow River basin. The agricultural drought typology results of the present study provide a comprehensive understanding of drought propagation and improvement of drought forecasting and management.

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Variability and drivers of grassland sensitivity to drought at different timescales using satellite image time series

Cited by 13 publications

References 158 publications

Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

Large‐scale remote sensing analysis reveals an increasing coupling of grassland vitality to atmospheric water demand

Propagation process‐based agricultural drought typology and its copula‐based risk

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