Variabilidade fenotípica em genótipos de acerola

Abstract

RESUMO -As medidas de variabilidade fenotípica, correlações, efeitos diretos e indiretos na aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) da região de Itápolis, SP, objetivaram direcionar o processo seletivo de genótipos. Os parâmetros comprimento e largura média de folhas, altura de planta, diâmetro de copa, peso médio de fruto, peso médio de polpa/fruto, peso médio de 20 frutos e peso médio de polpa por 20 frutos mostraram diferenças quanto a genótipos e épocas. Em acidez, tamanho e largura média de fruto, as diferenças são exclusivas em relação a épocas, sugerindo ações de condições climáticas. A altura é um bom parâmetro tipificador na diferenciação e seleção de genótipos. As condições meteorológicas podem influenciar marcadamente em caracteres tecnológicos (acidez) e em medidas dos frutos. Destacaram-se as associações positivas entre comprimento de folhas com tamanho e peso de frutos e as correlações negativas destes com vitamina C; seguida de correlações positivas e significativas de tamanho com largura de frutos. Dos efeitos diretos sobre vitamina C, relacionam-se os efeitos de Brix e diâmetro de copa como positivos. Contudo, nas condições estudadas, as medidas das folhas estão associadas positivamente com tamanho e peso dos frutos e negativamente com vitamina C. Além disso, observa-se que as medidas dos frutos associam-se positivamente com os caracteres de peso e rendimento, que estão negativamente associados com vitamina C. A seleção sobre Brix pode direcionar ganhos em polpa e em vitamina C.Termos para indexação: Malpighia emarginata, métodos de melhoramento, seleção, critérios de seleção, ganho genético, condições meteorológicas, melhoramento de plantas. PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN WEST INDIAN CHERRY GENOTYPESABSTRACT -The measures in the phenotypic variability, correlation, direct and indirect effects in the West Indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC.), from Itápolis, São Paulo State, Brazil, aimed to subsidize the management of the selective process in the genotypes. The parameters length and width of leaves, height of plant, diameter of canopy, weight medium of fruit, weight of pulp/fruit, weight medium of 20 fruits and weight medium of pulp of 20 fruits, showed differences for genotypes and date of evaluation. The differences of acidity, size and width medium of fruit are exclusive for dates, suggesting actions of climatic conditions. The height is a good parameter leading to the differentiation for selection of genotypes. The meteorological conditions can influence remarkably the acidity and dimensions of the fruit. Positive associations among leaf length and the parameters that define size and weight of fruits and negative correlation of these parameters with vitamin C were observed; so as positive correlation of size and width of fruits. Brix and canopy diameter were positively correlated with vitamin C. Measures of the leaves are associated positively with size and weight of the fruits and negatively with vitamin C in the studied conditions. The measures of the fruits are directly associated with the c...

Preliminary selection of acerola genotypes in Brazil

“…The range from 38.58% (Acer-11) to 61.21% (Acer-13) is close to the 47.8-58.9% range presented by Gomes et al [2] and the 40.83-65.63% obtained by Semensato and Pereira [12]; lower than the 59-75% range shown by Aróstequi and Pennock [15] and higher than the 30% average reported by Lopes et al [1]. However, the Acer-13, Acer-16, Acer-15, Acer-12 and Acer-8 genotypes did not significantly differ from each other.…”

“…Breeding studies for acerola improvement have as an objective to obtain plants that produce fruits with uniform chemical and physical attributes, including high levels of vitamin C, which can provision the market with fresh fruit and frozen pulp [2].…”

Relationship between fruit traits and contents of ascorbic acid and carotenoids in peach

“…Path analysis of the main dependent variable (carotenoid content) and independent variables, in 28 peach cultivars and two nectarine cultivars, with decomposition of phenotypic correlations into components of direct (main diagonal in bold) and indirect (off-diagonal) effects used in oxidative reactions, which are activated by cellular stresses experienced by the membranes during this period, contributing to the reduction in the ascorbic acid content. Nunes et al (2004), working with red mombin, found that the variable TA was the main determinant of the ascorbic acid content, which is opposed to reports by Gomes et al (2000), who recommended the selection based on SS for gains in vitamin C in acerola.…”

Bioactive compounds in different acerola fruit cultivares

“…Acidity levels have been mentioned among different genotypes ranging from 0.96 to 1.97 g of malic acid 100 g -1 of pulp and pH from 2.9 to 3.5 (MACIEL et al, 2010) while Musser et al (2004) reported values ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 g of malic acid 100 g -1 of pulp and 3.2 to 3.4 for titratable acidity and pH respectively. This difference, according to Gomes et al (2000) may be explained as genotype and environment factors. Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ by Tukey test at 5% significance level.…”