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“…The burning efficiency results further support the theory that the vaporization order of crude oils is volatility limited (van Gelderen et al, 2017). It was suggested that because of this vaporization order, the heat feedback to the fuel from the flame decreased over time while the heat losses to the water layer increased.…”
Section: Burning Efficiencysupporting
confidence: 73%
“…The oil samples were therefore continuously cooled by water (12 °C) with a flow of 7 L/h to create a heat sink that simulates the heat losses observed during in-situ burning of oil on water (Brzustowski and Twardus, 1982;Buist et al, 1999). The temperature and flow of the water were selected by matching the burning rate and burning efficiency of DUC crude oil in the cone calorimeter to small scale in-situ burning experiments performed in the Crude Oil Flammability Apparatus (van Gelderen et al, 2015;van Gelderen et al, 2017). The sample holder featured a metal edge, which was angled away from the oil to avoid re-radiation to the oil surface, to prevent the oil from overflowing from the holder upon ignition.…”
The thermal properties and burning efficiencies of fresh and weathered crude oils and a refined fuel oil were studied in order to improve the available input data for field ignition systems for the in-situ burning of crude oil on water. The time to ignition, surface temperature upon ignition, heat release rate, burning rate and burning efficiency of two fresh crude oils fires, however, was estimated to be about 17 kW/m 2 , for which the burning efficiencies were < 80%. These results indicate that the increased heat feedback to the fuel surface is not the only factor that increases the burning efficiency for large scale fires compared to laboratory experiments. Additional factors such as feeding of surrounding oil into the fire by buoyancy induced wind flows into the hot smoke plume are probably also contributing to these increased burning efficiencies.
“…The burning efficiency results further support the theory that the vaporization order of crude oils is volatility limited (van Gelderen et al, 2017). It was suggested that because of this vaporization order, the heat feedback to the fuel from the flame decreased over time while the heat losses to the water layer increased.…”
Section: Burning Efficiencysupporting
confidence: 73%
“…The oil samples were therefore continuously cooled by water (12 °C) with a flow of 7 L/h to create a heat sink that simulates the heat losses observed during in-situ burning of oil on water (Brzustowski and Twardus, 1982;Buist et al, 1999). The temperature and flow of the water were selected by matching the burning rate and burning efficiency of DUC crude oil in the cone calorimeter to small scale in-situ burning experiments performed in the Crude Oil Flammability Apparatus (van Gelderen et al, 2015;van Gelderen et al, 2017). The sample holder featured a metal edge, which was angled away from the oil to avoid re-radiation to the oil surface, to prevent the oil from overflowing from the holder upon ignition.…”
The thermal properties and burning efficiencies of fresh and weathered crude oils and a refined fuel oil were studied in order to improve the available input data for field ignition systems for the in-situ burning of crude oil on water. The time to ignition, surface temperature upon ignition, heat release rate, burning rate and burning efficiency of two fresh crude oils fires, however, was estimated to be about 17 kW/m 2 , for which the burning efficiencies were < 80%. These results indicate that the increased heat feedback to the fuel surface is not the only factor that increases the burning efficiency for large scale fires compared to laboratory experiments. Additional factors such as feeding of surrounding oil into the fire by buoyancy induced wind flows into the hot smoke plume are probably also contributing to these increased burning efficiencies.
“…The pumice stones absorb water and crude oil at the same time. During the combustion process, the lighter components vaporise first and then the heavier, hence the density of the oil residues increases [29]. In addition to the absorbed water, the oil residue also penetrates the pores in the pumice stone.…”
Section: Sinking Of Pumice Stones During Burningmentioning
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
“…The absorbed oil was easily collected by squeezing due to the elasticity of the PU sponge. The proposed oil collection method is more environmentally friendly, faster and more cost efficient than other reported methods, such as burning off 6 or heat treatment 38 processes. Therefore, the fabricated sponge is applicable for oil spill cleanup.Figure 7Photographs of using PU@ZnO@Fe 3 O 4 @SA to remove floating oil.
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Thus, oil companies have spent large sums to clean up oil spills. Many remediation processes, such as electrochemical methods 3,4 , controlled burning 5,6 , membrane filtration 7,8 , chemical dispersants and biological agents 9,10 , have been developed to clean up oil pollution. However, most of these methods suffer from high operation costs, low efficiency and, in some cases, the creation of secondary pollutants.…”
We report a novel superhydrophobic material based on commercially available polyurethane (PU) sponge with high porosity, low density and good elasticity. The fabrication of a superhydrophobic sponge capable of efficiently separating oil from water was achieved by imitating or mimicking nature’s designs. The original PU sponge was coated with zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid (SA) and iron oxide particles (Fe3O4) via a facile and environmentally friendly method. After each treatment, the properties of the modified sponge were characterized, and the changes in wettability were examined. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements confirmed the excellent superhydrophobicity of the material withhigh static WCA of 161° andlow dynamic WCA (sliding WCA of 7° and shedding WCA of 8°). The fabricated sponge showed high efficiency in separation (over 99%) of different oils from water. Additionally, the fabricated PU@ZnO@Fe3O4@SA sponge could be magnetically guided to quickly absorb oil floating on the water surface. Moreover, the fabricated sponge showed excellent stability and reusability in terms of superhydrophobicity and oil absorption capacity. The durable, magnetic and superhydrophobic properties of the fabricated sponge render it applicable to the cleanup of marine oil spills and other oil-water separation issues, with eco-friendly recovery of the oil by simple squeezing process.
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